Tourism Flashcards
1
Q
What is sustainable development?
A
Development that needs that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
2
Q
What is ecotourism?
A
Responsible travel to natural areas that conserves the environment & improves the wellbeing of local people.
3
Q
What is conservation?
A
The act of preserving & protecting the environment.
4
Q
What are the aims of ecotourism?
A
- minimise the impact on the environment
- build environmental, cultural awareness & respect
- provide positive experiences for both visitors & hosts
- provide direct financial benefits for local people
5
Q
What is tourism?
A
Industry in which people travel to places for recreation & pleasure.
6
Q
What is leisure?
A
Any freely chosen activity that takes place in non-work time.
7
Q
What is a domestic tourist?
A
Someone who goes on holiday in the country they are resident in.
8
Q
What is an international tourist?
A
Someone who goes on holiday to a country they are not resident in.
9
Q
What is recreation?
A
A leisure time activity undertaken voluntary & for enjoyment.
10
Q
How much of the worlds economy does tourism account for?
A
5%
11
Q
What were international tourist arrivals in 2015?
A
1.2billion
12
Q
How much is tourism worth to the UK?
A
£120billion
13
Q
Does tourism generate more money in LEDCs or MEDCs?
A
MEDCs
But as a proportion of GDP, tourism is far more significant for LEDCs
14
Q
How has tourism changed over time?
A
- overall it has increased
- around 2008-9 there is a dip due to the stock market crash so fewer people can afford going on holiday
- dip around 2020-21, it’s when covid was
15
Q
What are the physical attractions of places?
A
- warm, sunny climate
- snowy conditions
- mountains
- hills
- sandy beaches
- safaris/wildlife
- clear, blue seas
16
Q
What are human attractions of places?
A
- cuisine/food/culture
- cathedrals
- museums
- castles
- shopping centres
- theme/water parks
- sports stadiums
- concerts/events
- historic monuments/statues
17
Q
Why has tourism increased?
A
- more people taking gap years
- increase life expectancy so longer retirement so wants to travel when retired
- increased advertisements
- on average people are becoming wealthier so more money to spend on tourism
- world population increases so number of people going on holiday increases
- increase in sports tourism
- winter sun becoming increasingly popular
- easier to book since it’s online
- cheap/flights transport
- mass tourism e.g. cruise ships & all inclusives
18
Q
What are the economic advantages of tourism?
A
- tourists may pay to visit museums protecting local artefacts & historical ruins
- jobs are created for local workers in hotels, restaurants etc…
- secondary jobs are also created in shops, maintenance etc…
- workers & companies pay taxes to government, this money can be invested
- new equipment/technology can be introduced to the country which can be used open other sectors of economy
- local infrastructure (e.g. roads/electricity) can be improved with money generated from tourism
- workers may be employed as beach cleaners
- locals may be able to sell photos taken of people on the beach
19
Q
What are the social advantages of tourism?
A
- local people can perform traditional dance & music to tourists, protecting their local culture
- tourists may pay to visit museums, protecting local artefacts & historical ruins
- encourages education in order to work in tourist sector & should improve linguistic skills
- jobs are created for local workers in hotels, restraints etc…
- local infrastructure (e.g. roads/electricity) could be improved with the money generated form tourism
20
Q
What are the environmental advantages of tourism?
A
- national parks may be created protecting areas of natural beauty
21
Q
What are the economic disadvantages of tourism?
A
- many jobs are only seasonal so workers are only paid half of the year e.g ski season is less than 6 months
- many managerial jobs go to overseas workers, locals often get low paid jobs
- there’s economic leakage (loss of money overseas) since many of tourist companies are TNCs & profit is sent elsewhere
- countries/regions may become dependent on just 1 industry like tourism
- animals obtain an economic value if people are willing to pay to see them, if value of animal is greater alive than dead people will protect them, e.g. mountain gorillas which tourists will pay $500 to see
- tourism can increase cost of living, out-pricing locals
- workers can be exploited as they are forced to work for low wage
22
Q
What are the social disadvantages of tourism?
A
- can increase certain crimes e.g. prostitution & theft
- many jobs are only seasonal so workers are only paid half of the year e.g. ski season is less than 6 months
- may place pressure on infrastructure e.g. electricity & water supply
- sometimes tourist developments may cause destruction of forests, sand dunes etc…
- noise & light pollution created by tourist development may interfere with animals
- increase in tourists may cause greater congestion & increased transport may increase asthma problems & traffic accidents
- may create racial tensions between tourists & locals
- animals obtain an economic value if people are willing to pay to see them, if value of animal is greater alive than dead people will protect them, e.g. mountain gorillas which tourists will pay $500 to see
- tourism can increase cost of living, out-pricing locals
- workers can be exploited as they are expected to work for a low wage
- locals may be offended by tourists dress, causing racial tensions
- pollution from increased congestion may cause acid rain
23
Q
What are the environmental disadvantages of tourism?
A
- may place pressure on infrastructure e.g. electricity & water supply
- sometimes tourist developments may cause destruction of forests, sand dunes etc…
- noise & light pollution created by tourist developments may interfere with animals
- an increase in tourists may cause greater congestion, increased transport can also cause asthma problems & traffic accidents
- animals obtain an economic value if people are willing to pay to see them, if value of animal is greater alive than dead people will protect them, e.g. mountain gorillas which tourists will pay $500 to see
- litter pollution may harm animals, having a negative impact on ecosystem & food chain, noise pollution could also scare animals away, affecting breeding patterns
- pollution from increase in congestion could cause acid rain
24
Q
How does the multiplier effect bring advantages to areas?
A
- tourists pay taxes to government - this money can be used to improve local schools & hospitals
- tourism bring in lots of money for hotels - supporting locals directly by providing jobs & indirectly by providing work for cleaners/gardeners etc..
25
What are social problems of tourism?
- offensive behaviour from tourists/drunkenness
- noise pollution disturbing locals
- fumes from cars causes asthma
- vandalism/graffiti
- traffic congestion
- pressure on local services (e.g. local healthcare)
- loss of farmland
- litter
- seasonal employment
- loss of culture
- loss of housing area
- footpath/soil erosion
- low wages/exploitation/long hours
- disrespect culture/religion (e.g. wearing inappropriate clothing)
- overcrowded streets/shops
-fumes from cars & planes causes air pollution
-increase in prices/inflation (if shops put up prices to gain more money from tourists, locals may not be able to afford it)
26
What are environmental problems of tourism?
- loss of habitat (due to building roads/resorts/hotels)
- destruction of food chains/ecosystems
- water pollution (e.g. oil spills)
- planes release CO2, causing global warming
- damage to coral reefs
- death of species/extinction of fish
- noise scares animals & can disrupt breeding patterns
- deforestation/vegetation destroyed
- loss of farmland
- litter
- footpath p/soil erosion
- fumes from cars & planes causing air pollution
27
What is Campi ya Kanzi?
Eco-lodge
28
Where is Campi ya Kanzi?
- on a 400mile2 ranch owned by Masai herdsmen
- next to Amboseli national park
- stretches from Chyulu Hills to foothills of Mt Kilamanjaro
29
What animals are found in Campi ya Kanzi?
- more than 50 different mammals
- more than 400 bird species
- Big five (elephant, rhino, leopard, lion, buffalo)
- rarer animals: kudu, gerenuk, cheetah & wild dog
30
How have the facilities been build in Campi ya Kanzi?
- lowest environmental impact
- thatched roofs
- lava rocks
- Masai crafts
31
What is the accommodation like in Campi ya Kanzi?
- six tents each with different views
- wooden floors in tents ending with veranda
- en-suite bathrooms
- bathrooms constructed using local galena rock
32
How can tourism be sustainably managed in Campi ya Kanzi?
- limit tourist numbers - only 12 guests allowed at once - less noise pollution,litter, air pollution (from transport) etc..
- use locally sourced building materials - 6 tents with thatched roofs made from local sustainable sources - less of a scar on landscape, less loss of habitats
- reduce litter - limited number of guests, who are educated about impact on ecosystem, less animals impacted, protecting local ecosystems
- protect local wildlife - Maasai guides educate tourists on the importance of conservation, a $120 conservation fee is used to support local land owners, 75% Kenyan wildlife lives outside national parks & game reserves so the only way to preserve it is to make it valuable for landlords - rare & endangered animals (e.g. cheetahs, buffalo, leopards) are protected
- protect local culture - !Asia guides educate tourists on this culture/beliefs/customs, a $120 conservation fee is used to protect local culture - local culture can be eroded by tourism but this protects & preserves it
- support local economy - Campi ya Kanzi only employs local Maasai people - locals have source of income so are able to afford healthcare & equation & multiplier effect benefits local economy
- using resources sustainably - all electricity comes from solar panels, all water is collected rain wtaer than is filtered through lava rocks - energy production comes from renewable resources so less greenhouse gas emissions & less impact on global warming, sustainably sourced water puts less stress on local infrastructure & resources
