Tourism Flashcards
7 continents
Antarctica, Oceania, Asia, Europe, Africa, North America, South America
5 oceans
Arctic, Atlantic, Pacific, Southern, Indian
What are east-west horizontal imaginary lines that express location from the Equator?
Latitudes
What are north-south vertical imaginary lines that run through the North Pole and South Pole?
Longitudes
Longitude of 0°
Prime Meridian
Latitude of 23.5°N
Tropic of Cancer
Latitude of 23.5°S
Tropic of Capricorn
Latitude of 66.5°N
Arctic Circle
Latitude of 66.5°S
Antarctic Circle
Latitude of 90°N
North Pole
Latitude of 90°S
South Pole
What is longitude 180° the basis of?
International Date Line (GMT)
N/E/S/W
Cardinal directions/ points
Expressing direction
Compass point, whole circle bearing, reduced bearing
Why do more and more HK people travel?
- Increasing income and leisure time
- Better transport network and more affordable transport cost
- Influence of mass media
- More convenient travel-related service
Expand on “better transport network”
HK is a regional transport hub with flight service to many cities
Example for “more affordable transport cost”
Low-cost airlines have been expanding in recent years
Why is there an influence of mass media?
- Travel programmes on TV and the Internet provide new information about travel destinations
- Increasing popularity of overseas TV dramas + idols
Example for “more convenient travel-related service”
Air tickets and hotels can be booked on the Internet easily
Factors affecting HK people’s choice of travel destination
Distance, cost, purpose of trip, climate, safety
Expand on “distance” factor
- Closer locations can be visited within short holidays like long weekends
- Closer locations generally mean lower transport cost
What is the cost of the trip affected by?
Distance of the location, duration of the trip and cost of living
Positive economic impacts of tourism (3)
- Provide job opportunities
- More income for local people and the government
- Boost economic development
Negative economic impacts of tourism (6)
- higher cost of living
- small businesses find it hard to compete with large companies
- creates seasonal unemployment
- undiversified economic development (e.g. gift shops dominant at tourist sites)
- many tourist developments are owned by foreign countries -> some profits leak overseas and aren’t reinvested
- overdependence
Positive social/ cultural impacts of tourism (4)
- revenue from tourism is invested in education and local communities
- more services originally built for tourists are provided for locals (e.g. leisure facilities and hospitals)
- resources to promote cultural heritage/ cultural exchange
- important cultural locations/ heritages are given greater protection
Negative social/ cultural impacts of tourism (7)
- overcrowding in places/ transport near tourist sites
- stress on local infrastructure (e.g. traffic congestion and blackouts)
- cultural conflicts: change the traditional lifestyles of locals, spoil the authencity of local culture, commercialisation
- some historical heritage may disapper
- shops serving locals replaced by shops for tourists
- encourage crimes in tourist areas
- damage historical sites
Positive environmental impacts of tourism (1)
resources & incentives for conservation (e.g. more national parks to protect wildlife)
Negative environmental impacts of tourism (5)
- damage done to the natural/ marine environment, wildlife habitats and natural features
- an increase in hotels & tourists facilities can cause air, noise, land and water pollution contributing to climate change
- deforestation
- reclamation
- visual pollution
Features of sustainable tourism in the economic aspect (2)
- provide jobs for locals
- generate income from tourists for economic development
Features of sustainable tourism in the social aspect (4)
- respect and preserve local culture
- encourage tourists to understand local culture
- minimise negative impacts on local communities
- involve locals to participate in tourism development
Features of sustainable tourism in the environmental aspect (2)
- minimise negative impacts on environment
- conserve natural habitats and wildlife
Strategies to make tourism more sustainable (3)
Legislation, education and promotion, involvement of stakeholders
Legislation example to conserve cultural heritage and promote cultural tourism
Heritage protection laws
Expand on “promotion and education”
- campaigns and websites to promote cultural spots to attract visitors
- **heritage ambassadors **trained as tour guides to educate tourists
- promote cultural exchange between tourists and locals/ native tribes
Examples for “involvement of stakeholders”
- govt collecting opinions from stakeholders
- tourism operators are urged to fulfil corporate social responsibility
