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Media and Popular Culture Midterm > Tough Reading Queations > Flashcards

Tough Reading Queations Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

I, Pencil: Read felt that human freedom required what 3 things?

A

Read felt that human freedom required:

  • private property
  • free competition
  • severely limited government
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2
Q

I, Pencil: What are the 2 kinds of thinking according to Donald Boudreaux?

A
  • Simplistic: cannot understand how complex and useful social orders arise from any source other than conscious planning by a purposeful mind
  • Subtle: understand that individual actions often occur within settings that encourage individuals to coordinate their actions with one another independent of any overarching plan
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3
Q

I, Pencil: In the 18th century, David Hume and Adam Smith developed what?

A

Hume and Smith developed a subtle understanding of how private property rights encourage self-regarding producers and consumers to act in mutually beneficial ways

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4
Q

I, Pencil: Modern economics - what?

A

Modern economics = economics that explores the emergence of spontaneous orders – a sure-fire inoculant against the simplistic notion that conscious direction by the state can improve upon the pattern of mutual adjustments that people make within a system of secure private property rights

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5
Q

About.com: Popular Culture

  • What is it?
  • What are the two opposing arguments?
A
  • Popular culture is the accumulated store of culture products that are consumed primarily by non-elite groups
  • Two opposing arguments in relation to popular culture:
    1) Popular culture is used by elites to control those below them because it dulls people’s minds, making them passive and easy to control
    2) Popular culture is a vehicle for rebellion against the culture of dominant groups
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6
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Shannon and Weaver Model

A
  • Shannon and Weaver Model: three parts to model (sender, channel, and receiver)
    a. There is noise
    b. Information or content is sent in some form from an emisor/sender/encoder to a destination/receiver/decoder
    c. Model structured on five elements: information source, transmitter encodes message into signals, channel adapts signals for transmission, receiver decodes message, message arrives at destination
    d. Three levels of problems for communication within this theory: technical problem of how accurately message can be transmitted, semantic problem of how precisely meaning is conveyed, effectiveness problem in how effectively received meaning affects behavior
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7
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Schramm

A
  • Schramm: examined the impact a message has
    a. Form depends on abilities of the group communicating
    b. Communication governed by three levels of rules: syntactic (formal properties of signs and symbols), pragmatic (concerned with relations between signs/expressions and their users), and semantic (stud of relationship between signs and symbols and what they represent)
    c. Communication is therefore social interaction where at least two interacting agents share a common set of signs and a common set of semiotic rules
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8
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Barnlund

A
  • Barnlund: individuals are simultaneously engaging in the sending and receiving of messages
    a. Focuses on how an individual communicates as the determining factor of the way the message will be interpreted
    b. Theories of co-regulation describe communication as a creative and dynamic continuous process, rather than a discrete exchange of information
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9
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Ontology

A

Poses the question of what exactly it is the theorist is examining

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10
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Epistemology

A

An examination of how the theorist studies the chosen phenomena

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11
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Axiology

A

Concerned with how values inform research and theory development

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12
Q

Wikipedia: Models of Communication

-Mapping the theoretical landscape - two common mappings involve:

A

a. Contexts- great divide between speech communication and mass communication becomes complicated by a number of smaller sub areas of communication research
b. The constitutive metamodel- emphasis the assumptions that undergird particular theories, models, and approaches.

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13
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Invasion of privacy laws make distinction between what?

A

Invasion of privacy laws(not covered in constitution) that evolved make distinction between private and public individuals / public and private areas

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14
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Disclosing true facts can be an invasion of privacy if what?

A

Disclosing true facts can be an invasion of privacy if it is published to an audience, offensive to a reasonable person, not deemed newsworthy or of legitimate concern to the public

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15
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Commercial appropriation involves what?

A

Commercial appropriation involves an unauthorized use of an individual’s or organization’s prominence in order to benefit someone else

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16
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Can you have a commercial with a famous person in the background?

A

Can’t have commercial with famous person accidentally in the back (the can sue you)

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17
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Most states have some form of a shield law designed to do what?

A

Most states have some form of a shield law designed to keep courts or judges from forcing news people to reveal confidential sources of information
a. Ex. “deep throat” helped bring down President Nixon

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18
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Defamation

A

Defamation is the communication to a third party of false or injurious ideas that tend to lower the community’ estimation of the person, expose the person to contempt or ridicule, or injure them in their personal, professional, or financial dealings

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19
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Libel

A

Libel is defamation by written or printed word and is generally considered more serious than slander, which is defamation by spoken words or gestures

20
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Negligence

A

Negligence can range all the way from not taking the time to check facts or proofread copy before it was aired to the much more serious careless disregard for the truth

21
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Actual malice

A

Actual malice, which ranges from careless disregard for the truth to an intent to cause injusty, is the most serious form of defamation and results in more serious legal consequences

22
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Staging

A

Staging- involves the alteration of a news scene or the reenactment of an event without telling your audience

a. Also involves the reenactment of events
b. Sometimes events are redone for the media
c. Dividing line is if you distort the truth

23
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-The Fair Use Act

A

The Fair Use Act- allows sample parts of copyrighted material to be temporarily used in limited ways for criticism, teaching, scholarship, news, or research without the permission of the copyright holder

a. You couldn’t use a complete cut as theme music for your production but could use short segments
b. Makes a difference if your production is intended for open or closed distribution

24
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Performance rights

A

Performance rights- required to use music in a “public venue,” which includes radio and TV broadcasts

25
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Mechanical rights

A

Mechanical rights- allow you to record an play back the selection in a production as outlined in a licensing agreement

26
Q

CyberCollege: Legal and Ethical Issues

-Synchronization rights

A

Synchronization rights required to use the music as part of a sound track

27
Q

How Paparazzi Work

-Since when have paparazzi carried negative reputation?

A

Since Fellini’s derisive depiction of the camera-wielding wolf pack, the paparazzi have always carried a negative reputation

28
Q

How Paparazzi Work

-Birthplace of paparazzi

A

Birthplace of paparazzi culture: Rome’s Via Veneto

29
Q

How Paparazzi Work

-Most famous paparazzi in history

A

Ron Galella is one of the most famous figures in paparazzi history. Set the standard for the modern-day paparazzi feeding frenzy

30
Q

How Paparazzi Work

-All-purpose public figure

A

All-purpose public figure- achieves such pervasive fame that he or she becomes public figure for all purposes and in all contexts, whether or not they sought attention

31
Q

How Tabloids Work

-The term tabloid originally referred to what? Who lead the focus on human stories and selling to supermarkets?

A

The term tabloid originally referred to the size and format of a newspaper. In 1830s newspapers began to focus on human-interest stories. Gene Pope headed the trend selling the tabloids to supermarket chains

32
Q

How Offset Printing Works

-3 steps

A
  1. Pre-process production (ink/water)
  2. The press run- paper fed through press and rolled on - offset process (paper must pass through refrigerated metal rollers), registration (alignment of printing plates as they apply their color to paper)
  3. Bindery
33
Q

Merrium-Webster: Culture

A

a. The beliefs, customs, arts, etc., of a particular society, group, place, or time
b. A particular society that has its own beliefs, ways of life, art, etc.
c. A way of thinking, behaving, or working that exists in a place or organization (such as a business)
d. Integrated pattern of human knowledge, belief, and behavior that is both a result of and integral to the human capacity for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations

34
Q

eHow: Pop Culture

-In the early 19th century, “popular” culture was used to describe what? How did the definition change?

A

History: In the early 19th century, “popular culture” was used to describe the lower class and less educated. At the conclusion of the second World War, the term began to be associated with consumer buying habits and socially accepted behaviors for the majority

35
Q

Merriam-Webster: Social

A

Definitions

a. Relating to or involving activities in which people spend time talking to each other or doing enjoyable things with each others
b. Liking to be with and talk to people: happy to be with people
c. Of or relating to people or society in general

36
Q

Merriam-Webster: Pariah

A

a. A person who is hated and rejected by other people

b. One that is despised or rejected

37
Q

Business Dictionary: Media

A

a. The means of communication, as radio and television, newspapers, and magazines that reach or influence people widely
b. The singular, medium, early developed the meaning “an intervening agency, means, or instrument”
c. The means of communication that reach large numbers of people such as television, newspapers, and radio

38
Q

Interpersonal Communication: what is it?

A

Interpersonal communication is the process by which people exchange information, feelings, and meaning through verbal and non-verbal messages. Not just about what is actually said but how it is said and the non-verbal messages sent through tone of voice, facial expressions, gestures and body language

39
Q

Merriam-Webster: Social Media

A

Forms of electronic communication (as Web sites for social networking and microblogging) through which users create online communities to share information, ideas, personal messages, and other content (as videos)

40
Q

How Radio Works:

-All radios today use what?

A

All radios today use continuous sine waves. Each different radio signal uses a different wine wave frequency and that’s how they are all separated

41
Q

How Radio Works:

-Any radio setup has two parts: What are they? What captures the signal?

A

Any radio setup has two parts:

a. Transmitter- takes some sort of message, encodes it onto a sine wave and transmits it with radio waves
b. Receiver- the receiver receives the radio waves and decodes the message from the sine wave it receives
c. Both the transmitter and the receiver use antennas to radiate and capture the radio signal

42
Q

How Radio Works:

  • How car radio works
    a. Radio receiver needs what to pick up waves?
    b. Radio receiver needs what to separate sine waves?
    c. Detector/demodulator does what?
    d. Radio does what?
A

How car radio works:

a. Radio receiver needs antenna to pick transmitter’s radio waves out of the air
b. Radio receiver needs a tuner to separate one sine wave from the thousands of radio signals that the antenna receives. Tuners resonate at and amplify one particular frequency and ignores all the other frequencies
c. Detector/demodulator extracts the voice from the sine wave
d. Radio amplifies the clipped signal and sends it to the speakers/headphones

43
Q

How does the FCC police obscenity?

-FCC stands for what?

A

FCC = Federal Communications Commission

44
Q

How does the FCC police obscenity?

-Is obscene speech protected by the First Amendment? To be obscene, material must have a three-point test, what is it?

A

Obscene speech is not protected by the First Amendment and cannot be broadcast at any time. To be obscene, material must been a three-point test:

a. An average person, applying cotemporary community standards must find that the material, as a whole, appeals to the prurient interest
b. The material must depict or describe, in a patently offensive way, sexual conduct specifically defined by applicable law
c. The material, taken as a whole, must lack serious literary, artistic, political, or scientific value

45
Q

How does the FCC police obscenity?

-Is obscenity usually legal? Who decides what is obscene?

A

Obscenity is not protected under the First Amendment and because the FCC itself decides what is obscene, it’s legally in the clear in most situations

Media and Popular Culture Midterm (3 decks)

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