Touch up #2

Question 1

What is hydrocracking

Answer 1

upgrading of heavy oils by breaking long-chain molecules into smaller molecules using Hydrogen to saturated double bonds

Increases yield of transport fuels from heavy feedstocks, can crack more difficult components than catalytic cracker

Question 2

What is hydrotreating

Answer 2

Similar methodolgy as hydrocracking, but targeting the removal of N and S

Capable of removing other components as well such as oxygen, halides and trace metals

H2 + catalyst reacts with oil to produce H2S and NH3 and saturated hydrocarbons

Question 3

3 Methods to increase available heat

Answer 3

Oxyfuel rather than air
Operate close to the stoichiometric ratio, i.e avoid excess oxygen or fuel
Capture heat from flue gas by process-process heat exchange

Question 4

Operational considerations of SMR

Answer 4

Temperature limit of reformer tubes (creep)

Carbon turning to coke: Autocatalytic, clogs reactor

Steam to carbon ratio 3-5

Question 5

Autothermal

Answer 5

Singular reactor
Partial oxidation of hydrocarbons with SMR reaction
O2 required, cost and processing to generate

Question 6

Two columns for methanol distillation

Answer 6

Topping: tops = dissolved volatile gases

Refining: MeOH comes out tops, by-products (higher alcohols), essentially pure water in bottoms

Question 7

Products from atmospheric topper

Answer 7

Gas to LPG recovery
Water
LSR gasoline to treating
Naptha
Gas oil
Topped crude oil

Question 8

Products from vacuum distillation

Answer 8

Non-condensable gases
Oily water
Light VAC oil
Heavy VAC oil
Asphalt