Total life cycle costing Flashcards

1
Q

Hvad gør target costing anerledes end traditionel omkostningsbestemmelse/prissætning?

A

Man bestemmer prisen inden omkostningerne, og så tilrettelægger man produktionen derefter.

produktdefinering og design ->
target selling price og target produktvolumen ->
target profit ->
target cost ->
value engineering ->
supplier cost reduction ->
Fremstilling

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2
Q

Hvad er den traditionelle cost reduction metode?
(altså ikke target costing)

A

Man beregner en estimeret omkostning (hvis den er for høj, går man tilbage til design fasen).
Og ellers bestemmer man en forventet salgspris derefter.

produktspecifikation ->
design ->
engineering ->
supplier pricing ->
Estimeret omkostning ->
Forventet salgspris- >
Fremstilling

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3
Q

Hvor er target costing anvendeligt?

A

Suitable for any company that has very high set up costs for producing their products.
Might be an R&D company that only produces one single product, highly customized product.
E.g. pharmaceuticals or high volume (supermarket).
High fixed costs!

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4
Q

Hvad er de 5 trin i value engineering-processen?

(kaffemaskinen)

A
  1. Develop a list of product components and functions.
  2. Do a functional cost breakdown.
    Giv alle komponenterne point efter, hvor høje kundekrav er til dem (1-5).
    Og vis det også i % (rating for komponent/total rating for alle).
  3. Detemine a relative ranking of customer requirements (er kunden villig til at betale?).
  4. Relate features to funktions.
    Relate willingness to pay to one of the components of the product. Is there leeway for additional costs hereafter?
  5. Develop relative functional ratings.
    What needs to be done about cost reduction.
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5
Q

Hvordan beregner man converted component ranking/relative importance?

Og hvad bruger man værdien til?

A

Der hvor man har vurderet at en given komponent (vandret) er vigtig for et givent kundekrav (lodret):

korrelation * relative feature ranking

og så lægger man sammen i bunden for hver komponent

Den komponent, som har højest score i bunden, er den man skal fokusere mest på kvalitetsmæssigt.

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6
Q

Hvordan beregner man value index?
Og hvad bruger man det til?

A

Value index =
relative importance / component cost

Component cost er for den enkelte komponent, altså % of total.

Så ser man på, hvor tæt det kommer på 1 (her alt ok).
Over 1: enhance
Under 1: reduce cost

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7
Q

Selv om målet er omkostningsreducering, er det lige så vigtigt at prioritere kvalitet. Hvorfor?

A

Pga. cost of nonconformance, som kan opstå, hvis kvaliteten er for lav.

Internal failure costs
External failure costs

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8
Q

Hvad er de to omkostningstyper under cost of conformance?

A

Prevention costs
Appraisal costs

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9
Q

Hvad er de 7 spildtyper i Lean?

(Tim Wood)

A

Transport
Inventory
Motion
Waiting
Overproduction
Over proccesing
Defects

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10
Q

Hvordan beregnes converted component ranking?

A

1) Correlations * relative feature ranking
For hvert kundekrav (i en matrice med kundekrav lodret og komponenter vandret).

2) Så summen under hver komponent

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11
Q

Hvad er de 4 kategorier for cost of quality

A
  1. Prevention
  2. Appraisal
    3) Internal failure
    4) External failure
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