TOS

Question 1

What are the contents of the interscalene triangle?

Answer 1

The trunks of the brachial plexus and subclavian

artery

Question 2

What are the borders of the tho raco-coraco-pectoral space

Answer 2

coracoid process superiorly, the pectoralis minor

anteriorly and the ribs 2 through 4 posteriorly

Question 3

Describe the effect of fibrous bands on the TO

Answer 3

increases the stiffness and decreases compliance of
the container, resulting in an increased potential for
neurovascular load

Question 4

Why is ‘disputed’ neurogenic TOS, more

difficult to diagnose?

Answer 4

Because there is no standard

objective test to confirm clinical impressions.

Question 5

What is Clavicular movement influenced by

Answer 5

The structural and functional integrity of AC and SC

Question 6

What could patients suffering from Arterial TOS present with?

Answer 6

pain, numbness in a nonradicular

distribution, coolness to touch and pale discolouration, all of which worsen with cold temperatures.

Question 7

What could patients suffering from venous TOS present with?

Answer 7

Excruciating deep pain the chest, shoulder and entire
upper extremity, accompanied by a feeling of heaviness
that occurs especially after activity

Question 8

Describe the epidemiology of TOS

Answer 8

Women are 3-4 times more likely to develop neurogenic TOS, while the incidence of vascular
TOS is more equal between non-athletic men and women,but found to be even greater in competitive
athletic men versus women.