Torts

Question 1

what are the elements of battery?

Answer 1

1. harmful or offensive contact
2. with the plaintiff’s person
3. causation

Question 2

what are the elements of assault?

Answer 2

1. apprehension
2. of an immediate contact
3. causation

Question 3

what are the elements of false imprisonment?

Answer 3

1. sufficient act of restraint
2. intent on the part of D to confine or restrain the P to a bounded area and
3. causation

Question 4

what are the 3 ways intent can be proven in an IIED action?

Answer 4

1. actual intent
2. substantial certainty the act will cause emotional distress or
3. recklessness (high probability D’s conduct would cause emotional distress)

Question 5

can intent be transferred in an IIED action?

Answer 5

no (b/c if transferred, it turns into substantial certainty)

Question 6

what are the elements of trespass to land?

Answer 6

1. act of physical invasion
2. intent on D’s part to bring about a physical invasion of P’s real property (land) and
3. causation

Question 7

what are the elements of trespass to chattels and conversion?

Answer 7

1. active invasion

2. to personal property

Question 8

what are the elements of IIED?

Answer 8

1. extreme and outrageous conduct
2. intent to cause P to suffer severe emotional distress or recklessness
3. causation
4. damages

Question 9

what are the elements of defamation?

Answer 9

1. defamatory language on the part of the D (turns out to be false)
2. of or concerning the P
3. defamatory statement is published to 3P (publication)
4. damage to the reputation of the P

Question 10

what elements get added to the prima facie case of defamation when the defamatory statement is a matter of public concern?

Answer 10

1. P must prove the statement was false
2. P must prove fault

So complete list reads:

1. defamatory language on the part of the D (turns out to be false)
2. of or concerning the P
3. defamatory statement is published to 3P (publication)
4. damage to the reputation of the P
5. the statement was false
6. P had some level of fault

Question 11

what is appropriation?

Answer 11

use of P’s name, picture, or likeness for commercial advantage w/o permission

Question 12

what is intrusion?

Answer 12

interference w/ a P’s seclusion in a way that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person

Question 13

what is false light?

Answer 13

the widespread dissemination of information that is in some way inaccurate and that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person

Question 14

what is public disclosure of private facts?

Answer 14

the widespread dissemination of factually accurate information that would normally be confidential, and the disclosure of which would be highly offensive to a reasonable person

Question 15

what are the elements of fraud?

Answer 15

1. misrepresentation made by D
2. scienter
3. an intent to induce P’s reliance on the misrepresentation
4. causation (i.e. actual reliance on the misrepresentation)
5. justifiable reliance by P on the misrepresentation
   AND
6. damages

Question 16

for defamation, when is the publication prong be satisfied?

Answer 16

when there is a negligently or intentionally made communication to a 3P who understands it

Question 17

when is a bailee liable to the owner for conversion?

Answer 17

when the bailee uses the chattel in such a manner as to constitute a material breach of the bailment agreement

Question 18

what is the attractive nuisance doctrine elements?

Answer 18

1. there is a dangerous condition on the land of which the owner is or should be aware
2. the owner knows or should know that children frequent the vicinity of this dangerous conditions
3. the condition is dangerous b/c the child is unable to appreciate the risk AND
4. the expense of remedying the situation is slight compared to the magnitude of the risk

*note: most states do not require a child to be lured on to the property by the dangerous condition