Torts Flashcards
Defamation (general)
There is a publication to a third person of a statement understood as defamatory of the plaintiff that causes damage to the plaintiff’s reputation.
Original defamer is liable for republication by another party as long as it was reasonably foreseeable.
Libel
WRITTEN or PRINTED publication of defamatory language wherein the plaintiff does not need to prove special damages and general damages are presumed.
Slander
SPOKEN defamation wherein the plaintiff must prove special (pecuniary) damages unless the defamation falls within a slander per se category.
Defamation (Public Figure)
Plaintiff must prove, in addition to the common law elements, the falsity of the statements as well as actual malice (knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard for the truth) on the part of the defendant.
Battery
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) causes harmful or offensive contract (3) with plaintiff’s person.
Assault
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) places plaintiff in reasonable apprehension (3) of imminent battery.
False Imprisonment
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) commits an act of restraint (3) to confine plaintiff to bounded area.
Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED)
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) engages in extreme and outrageous conduct which (3) causes plaintiff to suffer severe distress.
Trespass to Land
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) commits an act of physical invasion (3) of land.
Trespass to Chattels
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) interferes with plaintiff’s right of possession in a chattel (3) resulting in damages
Conversion
(1) Defendant intentionally (2) causes a serious interference (3) with plaintiff’s right of possession in a chattel.
Undiscovered Trespassers
Landowner owes no duty
Discovered and Anticipated Trespassers
Landowner owes a duty to warn or of make safe known highly dangerous artificial conditions if not obvious to the trespasser
Licensees
Those who come onto the land with express or implied permission but for their own purpose.
Includes social guests.
Landowner has a duty to warn of all dangerous artificial and natural conditions.
Invitees
Those entering as members of the public or for a purpose connected to the business of the landowner.
Landowner has duty to warn of all dangerous artificial and natural conditions, as well as reasonably inspect for dangerous conditions.