Torts Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
1
Q

Defamation (general)

A

There is a publication to a third person of a statement understood as defamatory of the plaintiff that causes damage to the plaintiff’s reputation.

Original defamer is liable for republication by another party as long as it was reasonably foreseeable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Libel

A

WRITTEN or PRINTED publication of defamatory language wherein the plaintiff does not need to prove special damages and general damages are presumed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Slander

A

SPOKEN defamation wherein the plaintiff must prove special (pecuniary) damages unless the defamation falls within a slander per se category.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Defamation (Public Figure)

A

Plaintiff must prove, in addition to the common law elements, the falsity of the statements as well as actual malice (knowledge of falsity or reckless disregard for the truth) on the part of the defendant.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Battery

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) causes harmful or offensive contract (3) with plaintiff’s person.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Assault

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) places plaintiff in reasonable apprehension (3) of imminent battery.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

False Imprisonment

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) commits an act of restraint (3) to confine plaintiff to bounded area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress (IIED)

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) engages in extreme and outrageous conduct which (3) causes plaintiff to suffer severe distress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Trespass to Land

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) commits an act of physical invasion (3) of land.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Trespass to Chattels

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) interferes with plaintiff’s right of possession in a chattel (3) resulting in damages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Conversion

A

(1) Defendant intentionally (2) causes a serious interference (3) with plaintiff’s right of possession in a chattel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Undiscovered Trespassers

A

Landowner owes no duty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Discovered and Anticipated Trespassers

A

Landowner owes a duty to warn or of make safe known highly dangerous artificial conditions if not obvious to the trespasser

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Licensees

A

Those who come onto the land with express or implied permission but for their own purpose.

Includes social guests.

Landowner has a duty to warn of all dangerous artificial and natural conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Invitees

A

Those entering as members of the public or for a purpose connected to the business of the landowner.

Landowner has duty to warn of all dangerous artificial and natural conditions, as well as reasonably inspect for dangerous conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Attractive Nuisance

A

Landowner owes a duty to a child trespasser to warn of (or make safe) artificial conditions on the land, provided that:

(1) The artificial condition exists in a place where the landowner knows or has reason to know that children are likely to trespass;
(2) The landowner knows or has reason to know that the artificial condition poses an unreasonable risk of death or serious bodily harm;
(3) The children do not appreciate the danger involved; and
(4) The risk of harm outweighs the expense of making the condition safe.

17
Q

NIED (Zone of Danger)

A

(1) Defendant negligently caused a threat of physical impact; (2) the plaintiff was within the “zone of danger” of the threatened physical impact; and (3) the threat of physical impact caused emotional distress.

18
Q

NIED (Bystander Recovery)

A

(1) Defendant negligently inflicted bodily injury to another; (2) the plaintiff is closely related to the person injured by the defendant; (3) the plaintiff was present at the scene of the injury; and (4) plaintiff personally observed the injury.

19
Q

NIED (Special Relationship)

A

Commonly: Defendant negligently mishandles a corpse or defendant negligently provides false medical information.

20
Q

Contributory Negligence Jurisdiction

A

Plaintiff cannot recover damages if his own negligence contributed to his injury in any way, unless defendant: (1) was engaged in wanton and willful misconduct; or (2) had the last clear chance to avoid injuring the plaintiff, but failed to do so.

21
Q

Pure Comparative Negligence

A

Plaintiff’s recovery is limited by the percentage of fault the jury attributes to the plaintiff’s own negligence.

22
Q

Modified Comparative Negligence

A

Plaintiff’s recovery is limited by the percentage of fault the jury attributes to the plaintiff’s own negligence. However, if the plaintiff is more at fault than the defendant, plaintiff’s recovery is completely barred.

23
Q

Abnormally Dangerous Activity

A

(1) Inherently dangerous; (2) Inappropriate for the location chosen; (3) Virtually impossible to make safe; and (4) Of little value to the community.

24
Q

Strict Products Liability

A

(1) Product was defective in manufacture, design, or failure to warn;
(2) The defect existed when the product left the defendant’s control; and
(3) The defect caused the plaintiff’s injury when the product was used in a foreseeable way.

25
Q

Manufacture Defects

A

(1) Product deviated from its intended design; and (2) fails to conform to the manufacturer’s own design.

26
Q

Consumer Expectation Test (Design Defects)

A

Plaintiff must show that the product is less safe than the ordinary customer would expect.

27
Q

Risk Utility Test (Design Defects)

A

Plaintiff must show that the product’s risks outweigh its benefits and that there is a reasonable alternative design.

28
Q

Failure to Warn

A

(1) Plaintiff was not warned of the risks regarding the use of the product; (2) The risks are not obvious to an ordinary user; and (3) The designer/manufacturer was in fact aware of such risks.

29
Q

Appropriation of the Plaintiff’s Picture or Name (Invasion of Privacy)

A

Unauthorized use of the plaintiff’s picture of name for the defendant’s commercial advantage.

30
Q

Intrusion on the Plaintiff’s Affairs or Seclusion (Invasion of Privacy)

A

An act of prying or intruding on the plaintiff’s private affairs or seclusion that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person.

Must have a reasonable expectation of privacy to invoke claim.

31
Q

Publication of Facts Placing the Plaintiff in a False Light (Invasion of Privacy)

A

The publication of facts about the plaintiff putting her in a false light in the public eye in a way that would be highly offensive to a reasonable person.

32
Q

Public Disclosure of Private Facts About the Plaintiff (Invasion of Privacy)

A

The public disclosure of private information about the plaintiff such that the disclosure would be highly offensive to a reasonable person.

33
Q

Intentional Misrepresentation (Fraud)

A

Misrepresentation by the defendant with knowledge of falsity/reckless disregard as to truth and intent to induce reliance, causation, justifiable reliance, and damages.

34
Q

Negligent Misrepresentation

A

Misrepresentation by the defendant in a business or professional capacity, breach of duty to the plaintiff, causation, justifiable reliance, and damages.

35
Q

Interference with Business Relations

A

A valid contractual relationship or business expectancy of the plaintiff and a third party, the defendant’s knowledge of the relationship, intentional interference by the defendant inducing a breach or termination of the relationship, and damages.

36
Q

Malicious Prosecution

A

Initiating a criminal proceeding against the plaintiff ending in plaintiff’s favor, absence of probable cause for the prosecution, improper purpose, and damages.