Topography of the limbs - extra practice pelvic limb

Question 1

Borders

Answer 1

• cranial – from abdomen, the plica genus formed with m.
  tensor fasciae latae from tuber coxae to patella
• caudal – margin of m. semitendinosus
• dorsal – from gluteal region, the lines from art. coxae
  caudal tuber ischiadicum and cranial to tuber coxae
• or from tuber coxae to root of tail

Question 2

Regions of pelvic limb

Answer 2

> Region of coxal tuber
Sacral region
Caudal region
Gluteal region
Hip joint region
Ischial tuberosity region
Thigh region
Patellar region
Knee region
Poplitea region
Crural region
Tarsal region
Metatarsal region

> Phalangeal region
or
Pastern region (Eq)
Corona region (Eq)
Metatarsophalangeal region (Eq)

Question 3

Sulci musculares membri pelvini:

Answer 3

• sulcus femoris caudalis – m. semitendinosus et m. semimembranosus
• sulcus femoris medius – m. semitendinosus et m. biceps femoris
• sulcus femoris cranialis – m. biceps femoris
• torus tensoris fasciae latae
• sulcus fibularis – m. extensor digitorum lungus, m. fibularis longus
  et m. extensor digitorum lateralis
• sulcus cruris lateralis cranialis – m. externsor digitorum lateralis et
  m. flexor halucis longus, m. tibialis caudalis
• sulcus cruris lateralis et medialis– m. flexor halucis longus,
  *m. tibialis caudalis et tendo calcaneum communis
• sulcus metatarsalis dorslolateralis et dorsomedialis – tendines mm.
  extensorum digitorum
• sulcus metatarsalis lateralis et medialis – m. interosseus et
  os metacarpale

Bursae synoviales subcutaneae
* bursa iliaca
* bursa ischiadica
* above os tarsale IV
* bursa trochanterica
* bursa praepatellaris
* bursa calcanea
* bursa malleoli lateralis et medialis
* medial and lateral aspect of fetlock joint

Question 4

Visible osseous points in Eq

Answer 4

• malleolus lateralis et medialis
• tuber calcanei
• proximal parts of ungular cartilages

Question 5

Palpable osseous points in Eq

Answer 5

• trochanter major
• patella
• epicondylus lateralis femoris
• tuberculum trochleae ossis femoris
• condylus lateralis tibiae
• crista tibiae
• caput fibulae
• ossa tarsi
• basis et capitulum ossis metatarsalis
• ossa sesamoidea proximalia
• basis et caput phalangis proximalis
• basis phalangis mediae

Question 6

Visible ossous points in Ru

Answer 6

• trochanter major
• malleolus lateralis et medialis
• tuber calcanei
• patella
• epicondylus lateralis femoris
• condylus lateralis tibiae (caput fibulae)
• crista tibiae
• ossa tarsi
• abaxial parts of III and IV proximal extremity of metatarsus
• ossa sesamoidea proximalia
• basis et caput phalangis proximalis
• basis phalangis mediae

Question 7

Visible osseous points in Ca

Answer 7

• malleolus lateralis et medialis
• tuber calcanei

Question 8

Palpable osseous points in Ca

Answer 8

• trochanter major
• patella
• epicondylus lateralis et medialis
  femoris
• condylus lateralis et medialis tibiae
• crista tibiae
• caput fibulae
• ossa tarsi

Question 9

Nervous reflexes of pelvic limb

Answer 9

1. Patellar reflex (n. femoralis) L4- L6; dog in lateral recumbency,
   percussion of ligamentum patellae, knee extension
2. Cranial tibial reflex (n. fibularis) L6- S2; percussion of m.
   tibialis cranialis in upper 1/3 of it, flexion of tarsal joint
3. Flexors muscles reflex (n. isciadicus) L4-S3; nip of fingers,
   fingerpads or interdigital space skin, fast limb retraction

Question 10

Nerves anaesthaesia:

Answer 10

• n. tibialis – medial surface
  of limb, one hand above tuber
  calcanei (sulcus cruris medialis)
  (6 and 1)
• n. fibularis communis – distal
  from caput fibulae, palpable
  on lateral surface of limb
  (sulcus fibularis) (2)
• n. fibularis profundus – lateral
  surface of limb, proximal form
  tarsal joint (sulcus fibularis) (3)
• nn. plantares = nn. palmares
  see thoracic limb

Question 11

The most frequent diseases of hip joint

Answer 11

HD - hip dysplasia (subluxatio et luxatio articulationis coxae)
= large breeds

Legg-Pertes disease (aseptic necrosis capitis femoris)
= small breeds

Question 12

Visible parts in picture

Answer 12

Question 13

Are both normal?

Answer 13

No, hip on the right is a dysplastic hip joint

Question 14

Injections:

Answer 14

Ca – dog is put in lateral recumbency, the femur should be at 90o
angle to the vertebral column, the needle is inserted at the craniodorsal
border of the trochanter major, and is directed caudally paralle to
the colum femoris

Eq – horse should stand, the trochanter major should be palpated,
15 cm needle should be inserted just caudal to it, into the incisura

trochanterica, the needle is directed in a horizontal plane cranio-
medially at a 45° angle to the long axis of the body