TOPOGRAPHY AND OVERVIEW OF THE DIG Flashcards
Where does the innervation of the visceral and parietal peritoneum come from?
- Parietal = thoracic nerves
- Visceral = autonomic nerves
What are retroperitoneal structures?
Structures covered by a peritoneum
What are extra peritoneal structures?
Organs that don’t have a mesentery
What are intraperitoneal structures?
Organs that do have a mesentery
What is the lesser omentum and where is it found?
The lesser omentum is formed by two layers of peritoneum that are separated by connective tissue and fat. It runs between:
- Visceral surface of the liver
- Abdominal part of the oesophagus
- curvature of the stomach
- Pylorus
- Superior part of the duodenum
Describe the superior attachment of the lesser omentum.
Superiorly it attaches to the inferior surface of the liver and forms an L shape
What is the transverse mesocolon?
The transverse colon has its own mesentery called the transverse mesocolon
What are the greater and lesser sacs?
- The greater sac takes up most of the space in the peritoneal cavity. It goes superiorly from the diaphragm down to the pelvic cavity
- Subdivision of the peritoneal cavity which is posterior to the liver and stomach. It is continuous with the greater sac
What 2 things does the digestive system supply the body with?
- Continuous supply of water
- Electrolytes, vitamins and nutrients
What is ingestion?
Uptake of food into the mouth
What is propulsion?
Movement of food throughout the alimentary canal
Mechanical digestion?
Food particles are broken down to small entities in preparation for chemical digestion by enzymes
Digestion?
Macrmolecules like proteins, lipids, nucleic acids are broken down into their chemical building blocks.
What is absorption?
Digested products become transported from the lumen of the alimentary canal into the blood stream and adjacent lymphatic capillaries
What is defecation?
Elimination of any undigested matter in the form of faeces
What is the alimentary canal?
A muscular tube that goes from the mouth to the anus
How many tissue layers does the alimentary canal have and what are they called?
4 layers
- Mucosa
- Sub mucosa
- Muscularis externa
- Serosa
Which nervous system controls the glands and smooth muscle in the alimentary canal?
Enteric nervous system
What are the 2 visceral nerve plexuses of the alimentary canal?
- Myenteric plexus - controls peristalsis and segmentation
- Submucosal plexus - secretes mucous
