Topics- Science assess Flashcards
Priority groups highest to lowest:
COOH > ester > acid chloride > amide > nitrile > aldehyde > ketone > alcohol > thiol > amine > alkene > alkyne > alkane > ether > alkyl halide > nitro
Bond angle sp3
109.5
Bond angle sp2
120
Bond angle sp
180
Which of the following would result in the shortest bond in an atom?
A) one σ bond only
B) two π bond only
C) two σ bonds only
D) one σ bond and one π bond only
one σ bond and one π bond only
Carbocations run in ___ mechanisms
SN1
Concerted mechanisms are
SN2
aldehydes can be oxidized to
carboxylic acids
Ketone + LiAlH4 =
Secondary alcohol
What types of compounds can’t be oxidized to a carboxylic acid?
Tertiary alcohol
What does a tosylate do?
it turns alcohol intoa better leaving group
Jones oxidation
1˚ alcohol -> COOH
2˚ alcohol -> ketone
Grignard reagent + aldehyde
what is it and what does it do when reacted w/ an aldehyde?
R-MgBr
It dissociates into a carbocation that will serve as the nucleophile.
When reacted with an aldehyde, You get a secondary alcohol
Grignard reagent + ketone =
tertiary alcohol
What is an Imine
and how is it formed?
C=N
formed when aldehyde or ketone is reacted w/ ammonia
1st step of base-catalyzed keto-enol tautomerization?
Acidity of the proton alpha to the carbonyl; formation of a carbanion
Aldol additions
Enolate attacks a carbonyl carbon leading to a new C-C bond
Which can’t be oxidized to form a COOH?
A) 1˚ alcohol
B) alkyl benzene
C) ketone
D) aldehyde
Ketone
Saponificaiton
when a long chain ester is reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide, a salt of the acid forms
Order of reactivity of COOH derivaties?
Esters, acid anhydrides, acyl halides, amides
acyl halides > acid anhydrides > esters > amides
Strecker synthesis of amino acids
(1) aminonitrile formation (2) protonation of the aminontrile and attack by water to turn the nitrile into a COOH
DNA backbone
Sugar-phosphate backbone with nitrogenous bases attached to the sugar rings
IR peak 1680-1750cm-1 =
C=O
IR 3000-3500 cm-1 broad
O-H
IR 1200-1400cm-1
C-C
IR 2800-3000 cm-1
C-H
using UV-Vis, which molecule would absorb the largest wavelength?
Ethanol, methane, ammonia, benzene
benzene
order in increasing boiling points: COOH, aldehyde, alcohol
aldehyde < alcohol < COOH
Which aq reagent would be most suitable to extract phenol from CCl4?
Sodium bicarbonate, hydrochloric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium chloride
Sodium hydroxide
For a sample to travel the furthest in chromatography, it needs (high/low) affinity to the mobile phase and (high/low) affinity to the stationary phase
High affinity to the mobile phase, low affinity to the stationary phase
