Book notes Flashcards by Leah Haas

ethanol common name

ethyl alcohol

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methanal common name

formaldehyde

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ethanal common name

acetalaldehyde

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propanal common name

propionaldehyde

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acetalaldehyde structure

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Formaldehyde structure

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Ethanal structure

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propionaldehyde structure

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methanoic acid common name

formic acid

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ethanoic acid common name

acetic acid

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propanoic acid common name

propionic acid

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ethanoic propanoic anhydride

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acetic anhydride

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succinic anhydride

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phthalic anhydride

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prefix alkoxycarbonyl-

ester

prefix alkanoyloxycarbonyl

anhydride

prefix oxo-

aldehyde

same molecular formula, different connectivity

structural/constitutional isomer

differ in rotation around sigma bonds (no bond breaking required to interconvert)

conformational isomers

Configurational isomers

require bond breaking to interconvert

highest energy state/least stable conformation

totally eclipsed

stability of conformations (highest stability –> lowest stability)

antistaggered > gauche > eclipsed

For substitutued rings, the bulkiest group will favor the…

it wil favor the equatorial position to reduce nonbonded strain (flagpole interactions) with axial groups int eh molecule

Specific rotation

[α] = αobs/c x l [α] is specific rotation in ˚ αobs = observed rotation in degrees "c" = concentration in g/mL 'l" = path length in dm

meso compound

a molecule with chiral centers that has an intenral plane of symmetry

Which functional groups are considered terminal functional groups?

aldehydes and COOH

The common names for the aldehydes and COOH that contain only one carbon start with what prefix?

Form-- is a prefix shared by the common names of methanoic acid (formic acid) and methanal (formaldehyde)