Book notes Flashcards
ethanol common name
ethyl alcohol
methanal common name
formaldehyde
ethanal common name
acetalaldehyde
propanal common name
propionaldehyde
acetalaldehyde structure
Formaldehyde structure
Ethanal structure
propionaldehyde structure
methanoic acid common name
formic acid
ethanoic acid common name
acetic acid
propanoic acid common name
propionic acid
ethanoic propanoic anhydride
acetic anhydride
succinic anhydride
phthalic anhydride
prefix alkoxycarbonyl-
ester
prefix alkanoyloxycarbonyl
anhydride
prefix oxo-
aldehyde
same molecular formula, different connectivity
structural/constitutional isomer
differ in rotation around sigma bonds (no bond breaking required to interconvert)
conformational isomers
Configurational isomers
require bond breaking to interconvert
highest energy state/least stable conformation
totally eclipsed
stability of conformations (highest stability –> lowest stability)
antistaggered > gauche > eclipsed
For substitutued rings, the bulkiest group will favor the…
it wil favor the equatorial position to reduce nonbonded strain (flagpole interactions) with axial groups int eh molecule
Specific rotation
[α] = αobs/c x l
[α] is specific rotation in ˚
αobs = observed rotation in degrees
“c” = concentration in g/mL
‘l” = path length in dm
meso compound
a molecule with chiral centers that has an intenral plane of symmetry
Which functional groups are considered terminal functional groups?
aldehydes and COOH
The common names for the aldehydes and COOH that contain only one carbon start with what prefix?
Form– is a prefix shared by the common names of methanoic acid (formic acid) and methanal (formaldehyde)
