TOPICS 1-3 The Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the

A

synapse

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2
Q

Communication across a synapse involves the release of:

A

neurotransmitters

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3
Q

In the neuron, the dendrites are the parts that:

A

receive stimuli from the environment or from other other neurons

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4
Q

The Moro reflex is usually present until about:

A

4-5 months of age

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5
Q

Accidentally touching the hot burner of a stove will elicit a(n) __________ reflex

A

withdrawal

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6
Q

Nerves that carry impulses from the CNS are:

A

efferent nerves

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7
Q

The sodium-potassium exchange pump requires what to function?:

A

ATP

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8
Q

Spinal nerves are:
Sensory
Motor
Mixed
None of these

A

mixed

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9
Q

Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS are:

A

afferent nerves

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10
Q

The membrane potential found across the membrane of all living cells is maintained by:

A

the sodium–potassium pump

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11
Q

What function does myelin perform?

A

Increases the speed of impulse conduction

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12
Q

A synapse is a specialised site where cell to cell _______ ___________ takes place

A

chemical communication

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13
Q

The stretch reflex is important in regulating what?

A

is important in regulating posture

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14
Q

The last step in the activation of a reflex arc is the:

A

response of a muscle.

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15
Q

The first step in the activation of a reflex arc is the:

A

activation of a sensory receptor.

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16
Q

What is the correct sequence for a simple spinal reflex arc?

A

receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector

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17
Q

The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called the:

A

axon

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18
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of the:

A

cranial and spinal nerves

19
Q

The knee jerk reflex is an example of a:
contralateral reflex;
crossed extensor reflex;
stretch reflex;
or polysynaptic reflex.

A

stretch reflex.

20
Q

Sensory neurons travelling in a cranial nerve would be part of the __________ division of the __________.

A

afferent, PNS

21
Q

The term central nervous system refers to the:

A

brain and spinal cord

22
Q

Extracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________, while intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________.

A

sodium, potassium

23
Q

The simplest reflexes are organised at the level of the:
spinal cord;
cerebellum;
cerebrum;
or brain stem

A

spinal cord

24
Q

Where is the Broca’s speech area located?

A

The frontal lobe

25
Q

Where is the Wernicke’s speech area located?

A

The Temporal lobe

26
Q

An anaesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal roots of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body and functions will be affected?

A

Sensory function in the neck and shoulders

27
Q

Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because:

A

the glial cells isolate the CNS by forming a blood-brain barrier.

28
Q

A man has a stroke which severely damages the corticospinal tract on the right side of the brain above the level of the brainstem. This would result in:
loss of touch sensation or muscle control
on
the left side or right side

A

Loss of muscle control on the left side of the body

29
Q

What is Olfactory (CN I) - Sensory: Responsible for

A

sense of smell.

30
Q

What is Optic (CN II) - Sensory: Responsible for

A

vision

31
Q

What is Oculomotor (CN III) - Motor: Responsibe for

A

Control of most eye movements and the constriction of the pupil.

32
Q

What is the Trochlear (CN IV) - Motor: Responsible for

A

Controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye.

33
Q

What is the trigeminal (CN V) - Both: Responsible for

A

Sensory for the face and motor for chewing.

34
Q

What is the Abducens (CN VI) - Motor: Responsible for

A

Controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.

35
Q

What is the Facial (CN VII) - Both: Responsible for

A

Controls facial expressions and taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.

36
Q

What is the Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) - Sensory: Responsible for

A

hearing and balance.

37
Q

What is the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - Both: Responsible for

A

Controls swallowing, taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue, and monitors blood pressure and blood gases.

38
Q

What is the Vagus (CN X) - Both: Responsible for

A

Regulates several visceral functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.

39
Q

What is the Accessory (CN XI) - Motor: Responsible for

A

Accessory (CN XI) - Motor: Controls neck and shoulder muscles.

40
Q

What is the Hypoglossal (CN XII) - Motor: Responsible for

A

Controls movements of the tongue.

41
Q

What does Touch: Provides information about

A

Touch: Provides information about pressure, texture, and temperature. Mechanoreceptors in the skin detect touch.

42
Q

What does Pain: provide information about

A

Pain: Warns the body of potential damage. Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to painful stimuli.

43
Q

What does Proprioception: provide information about

A

Proprioception: Informs the brain about the body’s position and movement.

Proprioceptors are found in muscles, tendons, and joints.

44
Q
A