TOPICS 1-3 The Nervous System Flashcards
An impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell via the
synapse
Communication across a synapse involves the release of:
neurotransmitters
In the neuron, the dendrites are the parts that:
receive stimuli from the environment or from other other neurons
The Moro reflex is usually present until about:
4-5 months of age
Accidentally touching the hot burner of a stove will elicit a(n) __________ reflex
withdrawal
Nerves that carry impulses from the CNS are:
efferent nerves
The sodium-potassium exchange pump requires what to function?:
ATP
Spinal nerves are:
Sensory
Motor
Mixed
None of these
mixed
Nerves that carry impulses toward the CNS are:
afferent nerves
The membrane potential found across the membrane of all living cells is maintained by:
the sodium–potassium pump
What function does myelin perform?
Increases the speed of impulse conduction
A synapse is a specialised site where cell to cell _______ ___________ takes place
chemical communication
The stretch reflex is important in regulating what?
is important in regulating posture
The last step in the activation of a reflex arc is the:
response of a muscle.
The first step in the activation of a reflex arc is the:
activation of a sensory receptor.
What is the correct sequence for a simple spinal reflex arc?
receptor, afferent neuron, integration centre, efferent neuron, effector
The part of a neuron that conducts impulses away from its cell body is called the:
axon
The peripheral nervous system consists of the:
cranial and spinal nerves
The knee jerk reflex is an example of a:
contralateral reflex;
crossed extensor reflex;
stretch reflex;
or polysynaptic reflex.
stretch reflex.
Sensory neurons travelling in a cranial nerve would be part of the __________ division of the __________.
afferent, PNS
The term central nervous system refers to the:
brain and spinal cord
Extracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________, while intracellular fluid contains high concentrations of __________.
sodium, potassium
The simplest reflexes are organised at the level of the:
spinal cord;
cerebellum;
cerebrum;
or brain stem
spinal cord
Where is the Broca’s speech area located?
The frontal lobe
Where is the Wernicke’s speech area located?
The Temporal lobe
An anaesthetic blocks the function of the dorsal roots of the cervical spinal nerves. Which areas of the body and functions will be affected?
Sensory function in the neck and shoulders
Many medications introduced into the bloodstream cannot directly affect the neurons of the CNS because:
the glial cells isolate the CNS by forming a blood-brain barrier.
A man has a stroke which severely damages the corticospinal tract on the right side of the brain above the level of the brainstem. This would result in:
loss of touch sensation or muscle control
on
the left side or right side
Loss of muscle control on the left side of the body
What is Olfactory (CN I) - Sensory: Responsible for
sense of smell.
What is Optic (CN II) - Sensory: Responsible for
vision
What is Oculomotor (CN III) - Motor: Responsibe for
Control of most eye movements and the constriction of the pupil.
What is the Trochlear (CN IV) - Motor: Responsible for
Controls the superior oblique muscle of the eye.
What is the trigeminal (CN V) - Both: Responsible for
Sensory for the face and motor for chewing.
What is the Abducens (CN VI) - Motor: Responsible for
Controls the lateral rectus muscle of the eye.
What is the Facial (CN VII) - Both: Responsible for
Controls facial expressions and taste sensation in the anterior two-thirds of the tongue.
What is the Vestibulocochlear (CN VIII) - Sensory: Responsible for
hearing and balance.
What is the Glossopharyngeal (CN IX) - Both: Responsible for
Controls swallowing, taste sensation in the posterior third of the tongue, and monitors blood pressure and blood gases.
What is the Vagus (CN X) - Both: Responsible for
Regulates several visceral functions, such as heart rate, digestion, and breathing.
What is the Accessory (CN XI) - Motor: Responsible for
Accessory (CN XI) - Motor: Controls neck and shoulder muscles.
What is the Hypoglossal (CN XII) - Motor: Responsible for
Controls movements of the tongue.
What does Touch: Provides information about
Touch: Provides information about pressure, texture, and temperature. Mechanoreceptors in the skin detect touch.
What does Pain: provide information about
Pain: Warns the body of potential damage. Nociceptors are sensory receptors that respond to painful stimuli.
What does Proprioception: provide information about
Proprioception: Informs the brain about the body’s position and movement.
Proprioceptors are found in muscles, tendons, and joints.
