Topics 1-2 Flashcards
Who was John Adams?
John Adams was a key figure in the American Revolution and the second President of the United States.
Who was Samuel Adams?
Samuel Adams was a leader in the American Revolution and a founding father.
Who was Lord Dunmore?
Lord Dunmore was the English Governor of Virginia during the American Revolution.
Who was Benjamin Franklin?
Benjamin Franklin was a founding father, inventor, and diplomat.
Who was Alexander Hamilton?
Alexander Hamilton was a founding father and the first Secretary of the Treasury.
Who was Thomas Jefferson?
Thomas Jefferson was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence and the third President of the United States.
Who was Thomas Paine?
Thomas Paine was an influential writer and revolutionary, known for ‘Common Sense’.
Who was George Washington?
George Washington was the commander-in-chief of the Continental Army and the first President of the United States.
Who was George III?
George III was the King of Great Britain during the American Revolution.
What were the Sons of Liberty?
The Sons of Liberty were a group of American colonists who opposed British taxation and policies.
What was the American Revolution?
The American Revolution (1775-1783) was the conflict in which the Thirteen Colonies won independence from Great Britain.
What were the Articles of Confederation?
The Articles of Confederation (1777-1781) was the first constitution of the United States, creating a weak federal government.
What was the Boston Massacre?
The Boston Massacre (1770) was a deadly confrontation between British soldiers and American colonists.
What was the Boston Tea Party?
The Boston Tea Party (1773) was a protest against British taxation where colonists dumped tea into Boston Harbor.
What is Chattel Slavery?
Chattel slavery is a system where individuals are treated as personal property.
What is ‘Common Sense’?
‘Common Sense’ is a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine advocating for American independence.
What was the Continental Congress?
The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that governed during the American Revolution.
What was Debt Repayment?
Debt Repayment refers to the financial obligations resulting from the Seven Years’ War.
What was the Enlightenment?
The Enlightenment was an intellectual movement emphasizing reason and individualism.
What were the Intolerable Acts?
The Intolerable Acts (1774) were punitive laws passed by Britain in response to the Boston Tea Party.
What was Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation?
Lord Dunmore’s Proclamation (1775) offered freedom to enslaved people who joined the British forces.
What is Mercantilism?
Mercantilism is an economic theory that emphasizes the importance of accumulating wealth through trade.
What are Natural Rights?
Natural Rights are the rights inherent to all human beings, often cited as life, liberty, and property.
What were the Navigation Acts?
The Navigation Acts of 1763 were laws that restricted colonial trade to England.
What was the Olive Branch Petition?
The Olive Branch Petition (1775) was an attempt to avoid war with Britain by affirming loyalty to the crown.
What was the Proclamation of 1763?
The Proclamation of 1763 was issued by Britain to prevent colonial expansion westward.
What is Salutary Neglect?
Salutary Neglect refers to Britain’s informal policy of allowing the colonies to self-govern.
What was the Seven Years’ War?
The Seven Years’ War (1754-1763) was a global conflict that involved most of the great powers of the time.
What is the Social Contract?
The Social Contract is a theory that individuals consent to form a government for mutual protection.
What was Somerset’s Case?
Somerset’s Case (1772) was a legal case that challenged slavery in England.
What is Sovereignty?
Sovereignty is the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.
What was the Stamp Act?
The Stamp Act (1775) was a law that imposed a direct tax on the colonies for printed materials.
What does ‘Taxation without representation’ mean?
‘Taxation without representation’ refers to the colonists’ grievance against British taxes imposed without their consent.
What was the Tea Act?
The Tea Act (1763) was legislation that granted the British East India Company a monopoly on tea sales in the colonies.
What was the Atlantic Slave Trade?
The Atlantic Slave Trade was the transatlantic trading of enslaved Africans to the Americas.
What does Quartering of Soldiers refer to?
Quartering of Soldiers refers to the British practice of housing soldiers in colonial homes.
Who was Abigail Adams?
Abigail Adams was the wife of John Adams and an early advocate for women’s rights.
Who was Benedict Arnold?
Benedict Arnold was a general in the American Revolutionary War who defected to the British.
Who was Lyman Beecher?
Lyman Beecher was a prominent preacher and social reformer in the early 19th century.
Who was Aaron Burr?
Aaron Burr was the third Vice President of the United States and a controversial figure in early American politics.
Who was Charles G. Finney?
Charles G. Finney was a leader in the Second Great Awakening and a prominent revivalist.
Who was John Jay?
John Jay was a founding father, diplomat, and the first Chief Justice of the United States.
Who were the Loyalists?
Loyalists were American colonists who remained loyal to the British crown during the Revolution.
Who was James Madison?
James Madison was the fourth President of the United States and a key architect of the Constitution.
Who was John Marshall?
John Marshall was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States and established the principle of judicial review.
Who was James Monroe?
James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States and known for the Monroe Doctrine.
Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
Marquis de Lafayette was a French general who played a significant role in the American Revolution.
Who were the Patriots?
Patriots were American colonists who rebelled against British control during the Revolution.
What was the Adams-Onis Treaty?
The Adams-Onis Treaty (1819) was an agreement between the U.S. and Spain that ceded Florida to the U.S.
What were the Alien and Sedition Acts?
The Alien and Sedition Acts (1791) were laws that restricted immigration and limited free speech.
What was the B&O Railroad?
The B&O Railroad (1830) was one of the first railroads in the United States, connecting Baltimore and Ohio.
What was the First Bank of the U.S.?
The First Bank of the U.S. (Hamilton’s Bank) (1791) was established to stabilize the American economy.
What is the Bill of Rights?
The Bill of Rights (1791) is the first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, guaranteeing individual rights.
What was the Cotton Gin?
The Cotton Gin (1793) was an invention that revolutionized the cotton industry by speeding up the processing of cotton.
What was the Embargo Act of 1807?
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law that prohibited American ships from trading in foreign ports.
What are the Federalist Papers?
The Federalist Papers (1787-1788) are a series of essays promoting the ratification of the U.S. Constitution.
What was Fulton’s Steamboat?
Fulton’s Steamboat (1807) was the first commercially successful steamboat, revolutionizing transportation.
What was the Revolution of 1800?
The Revolution of 1800 refers to the election where Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams, marking a peaceful transfer of power.
What was the First Barbary War?
The First Barbary War (1801-1805) was fought between the U.S. and North African states over piracy.
What was the Haitian Revolution?
The Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) was a successful slave revolt that led to Haiti’s independence.
What was the Louisiana Purchase?
The Louisiana Purchase (1803) was the acquisition of French territory that doubled the size of the U.S.
What was Marbury v. Madison?
Marbury v. Madison (1803) was a landmark Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review.
What was McCulloch v. Maryland?
McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) was a Supreme Court case that affirmed federal supremacy over state laws.
What was the Lewis and Clark Expedition?
The Lewis and Clark Expedition (1804-1806) was an exploration of the newly acquired western territories.
What was the Northwest Ordinance?
The Northwest Ordinance (1787) established a method for admitting new states to the Union.
What was Pinckney’s Treaty?
Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) was an agreement between the U.S. and Spain that established borders and navigation rights.
What was the Quasi War?
The Quasi War (1798-1801) was an undeclared naval conflict between the U.S. and France.
What was Shay’s Rebellion?
Shay’s Rebellion (1786-1787) was an armed uprising protesting economic injustices and lack of government response.
What is the U.S. Constitution?
The U.S. Constitution (1788) is the supreme law of the United States, establishing the framework of government.
What was the Virginia Treatise on Religious Freedom?
The Virginia Treatise on Religious Freedom (1786) was a document advocating for religious liberty.
What was the Second Great Awakening?
The Second Great Awakening (1790-1840) was a religious revival movement that emphasized individual piety.
What were the Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions?
The Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions (1798-1799) were political statements that argued for states’ rights.
What was Washington’s Farewell Address?
Washington’s Farewell Address (1796) advised against political parties and foreign alliances.
What was the Whiskey Rebellion?
The Whiskey Rebellion (1791) was a violent tax protest in the United States during the 1790s.
What was the XYZ Affair?
The XYZ Affair (1797-1798) was a diplomatic incident that led to an undeclared war with France.
What was the End of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?
The End of the Transatlantic Slave Trade (1808) marked the cessation of the slave trade to the U.S.
What was the War of 1812?
The War of 1812 (1812-1815) was fought between the U.S. and Great Britain over maritime rights.
What was the Missouri Compromise?
The Missouri Compromise (1820) was legislation that attempted to balance slave and free states.
Who were the Anti-Federalists?
Anti-Federalists were opponents of the Constitution who favored stronger state governments.
What is Federalism?
Federalism is a system of government where power is divided between a central authority and constituent units.
What are Checks and Balances?
Checks and Balances is a system that ensures no one branch of government becomes too powerful.
What is Nullification theory?
Nullification theory is the idea that states can invalidate federal laws they deem unconstitutional.
What is King Cotton?
King Cotton refers to the economic dominance of cotton production in the Southern U.S.
What is the New South?
The New South refers to the economic and social changes in the Southern U.S. after the Civil War.
