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Derm Mine > Topical Therapeutics > Flashcards

Topical Therapeutics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Give 2 advantages of topical treatments

A

Direct application

Reduced systemic effects

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2
Q

Give 3 disadvantages of topical treatments

A

Time consuming
Difficult to measure dosage
Messy

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3
Q

Name 5 topical bases/vehicles

A 
Gels
Creams
Ointments
Pastes
Lotions
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4
Q

Describe the composition of creams

A

Semisolid emulsion of oil in water
Contain emulsifier & preservative
Cool, moisturiser, non greasy

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5
Q

Describe the composition of ointments

A 
Semisolid grease/oil 
No preservative
Occlusive and emollient
Cheapest 
Greasy
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6
Q

Describe the composition of lotions

A

Liquid
Suspension of medication in water or alcohol
May sting
Good for hairy skin

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7
Q

Describe the composition of gels

A

Thickened aqueous lotions
Semi-solids
Treat scalp, hair bearing areas, face

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8
Q

Describe the composition of pastes

A

Semisolids
Contain finely powdered material
Stiff, greasy,difficult to apply
Protective,occlusive,hydrating

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9
Q

Name the 6 types of topical therapies

A 
Emollients
Topical steroids
Antinfective agents
Antipruritics
Keratolytics
Psoriasis therapies
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10
Q

Name the 4 types of anti-infective agents

A

Antiseptics
Antibiotics
Antivirals
Antifungals

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11
Q

What are the features of emollients

A

Rehydrate epidermis
In dry/scaly skin conditions e.g. eczema
Need to be cosmetically appealing

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12
Q

What is the recommended weekly allowance for emollients?

A

300-500g weekly

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13
Q

Give one example of a soap subtitute

A

Emulsifying ointment (emollient)

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14
Q

What are the indications for Wet Wrap Therapy?

A

Xerotic skin

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15
Q

What are the 3 modes of action of topical corticosteroids?

A

Vasoconstrictive
Anti-inflammatory
Antiproliferative

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16
Q

Give an example of a mild corticosteroid

A

Hydrocortisone

17
Q

Give an example of a potent corticosteroid

A

Betamethasone

18
Q

Name 4 conditions where topical corticosteroids may be used

A

Eczema
Psoriasis
Lichen planus
Keloid scars

19
Q

How much topical corticosteroid is needed to cover an adult body?

A

20-30g

20
Q

How much is a fingertip unit of topical corticosteroids?

A

Half a gram

- covers 2 palms

21
Q

Name 6 side effects of topical steroid use

A 
Thinning skin
Purpura
Stretch marks
Steroid rosacea
Fixed telangectasia
Perioral dermatitis
22
Q

Which antiseptic is commonly used with exudative/pompholyx eczema

A

Potassium permanganate rinse/bath

23
Q

What topical antibiotics are used for acne?

A

Clindamycin

Erythromycin, tetracycline

24
Q

What topical antibiotics are used for rosacea?

A

Metronidazole

25
Q

What topical antibiotics are used for Impetigo?

A

Mupirocin

26
Q

Which condition may warrant use of a topical antiviral?

A

Herpes simplex

27
Q

Which 2 conditions may warrant use of oral antivirals?

A

Eczema herpeticum

Herpes Zoster

28
Q

Which 2 conditions may warrant use of topical antifungals?

A

Candida - nystatin

Dermatophytes (ringworm) - clotrimazole

29
Q

Give 4 examples of antipruritics

A

Menthol - in calamine
Capsaicin - from peppers
Camphor - for pruritus ani
Crotamiton

30
Q

What are the indications for keratolytics?

A

Viral warts
Hyperkeratotic eczema & psoriasis
Corns and calluses
Remove keratin plaques in scalp

31
Q

Give an example of a keratolytic

A

Salicylic acid

32
Q

Name 6 classes of psoriasis treatment

A

Emollients +

  • coal tar
  • vit. D analogue
  • keratolytic
  • topical steroid
  • dithranol
33
Q

What is imiquimod?

A

Immune response modifier
Antiviral + anti-tumour
Enhances innate and adaptive immunitiy

34
Q

Name 4 conditions where Imiquimod may be used

A

Genital warts
Superficial BCC
Solar keratoses
Verrucae

35
Q

What are the 2 types of Calicneurin Inhibitors?

A

Tacrolimus

Pimecrolimus

36
Q

How do Calicneurin Inhibitors work?

A

Decrease inflammation of the skin

Suppress lymphocyte activation

37
Q

Which condition is a Calicneurin Inhibitor commonly used?

A

Atopic eczema

38
Q

Give 5 treatment options for eczema

A 
EMOLLIENTS
Topical steroids
Infection control
Phototherapy (UVB)
Systemic immunosuppressants

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