Topic2

Question 1

Name the 4 structural levels of proteins

Answer 1

Primary structure
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Quaternary structure

Question 2

Name the two 3D structures of proteins

Answer 2

Globular

Fiborous

Question 3

What is the primary structure

Answer 3

The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 4

Describe the process of dna replication

Answer 4

Dna helicase binds to dna and breaks the hydrogen bonds between the two strands,the dna helix unwinds and the two strands seperate.free floating nucleotides form hydrogen bonds with the complementary base pairing.condensation reactions join the nucleotides strands together,

Question 5

First stage of protein synthesis

Answer 5

Transcription

Question 6

Second stage of protein synthesis

Answer 6

Translation

Question 7

Name the two types of Rna

Answer 7

Messenger rna (Mrna)
Transfer rna (Trna)

Question 8

A gene

Answer 8

A gene is a sequence of mononucleotide bases on a DNA molecule that codes for a sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

Question 9

Function of DNA

Answer 9

Stores genetic information

Question 10

Function of RNA

Answer 10

Transfers genetic information from the DNA to the ribosomes.

Question 11

What is DNA made up of?

Answer 11

. A pentose sugar-(deoxyribose)
. a nitrogen containing base
. A phosphate group

Question 12

Name the bases in dna

Answer 12

thymine, guanine, cytosine, adenine

Question 13

The structure of DNA

Answer 13

Made up of two polynucleotide strands in a double helix structure joined together by hydrogen bonding. Complementary base pairing.

Question 14

Name the bases of RNA

Answer 14

Adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine

Question 15

function of MRNA

Answer 15

Carries the genetic code from the DNA in the nucleus to the cytoplasm, where it is used to make proteins during translation.

Question 16

Function of TRNA

Answer 16

Carries the amino acids that are used to make proteins to the ribosomes during translation.

Question 17

Structure of TRNA molecule

Answer 17

Has an amino acid binding site at one end and a sequnce of three bases at the other end called and anticodon.

Question 18

differences between the structure of RNA and DNA

Answer 18

. DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
. DNA has deoxyribose sugar and RNA has a ribose sugar
. DNA has a thymine base and RNA has a uracil base instead

Question 19

what is meant by the term template for the synthesis of messenger RNA.

Answer 19

The RNA nucleotides attach to this strand

Question 20

differences between replication and transcription of DNA

Answer 20

Replication uses DNA nucleotides and Transcription uses RNA nucleotides.
Replication makes DNA double helix and transcription makes single strand MRNA.
Replication uses DNA polymerase and transcription does not use DNA polymerase.

Question 21

genotype

Answer 21

The alleles a person has.

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

The characteristics displayed by an organism

Question 23

Errors that can occur during DNA replication

Answer 23

Substitution
Deletion
Insertion
Duplication
Inversion

Question 24

What are mutations?

Answer 24

Mutations are changes to the base sequence of DNA.

Question 25

compare the processes of endocytosis and exocystosis

Answer 25

endocytosis is used for bulk transport of substances into the cell and exocytosis is used for bulk transport out of the cell.Both processes involve using ATP

Question 26

what type of bond holds DNA strands together?

Answer 26

Hydrogen bond

Question 27

how is mRNA synthesised at a template strand of DNA

Answer 27

RNA nucleotides align with complementary bases on dna.Rna nuceotides joined together by phosphodiester bonds.

Question 28

Compare and contrast the process of transcription with the process of DNA replication

Answer 28

. they both involve the formation of phosphodiester bonds
. Transcription uses RNA nucleotides whereas replication uses DNA nucleotides
. Transcription uses RNA polymerase and replication uses DNA polymerase
. They both involve DNA helicase