topic 1

Question 1

Name the 4 drugs that can be used to treat CVD

Answer 1

1. Antihypertensives
2. Statins
3. Anticoagulants
4. Platelet inhibitory drugs

Question 2

What do antihypertensive do?

Answer 2

They reduce high blood pressure

Question 3

benefits of antihypertensive

Answer 3

. Blood pressure can be monitored at home

. Antihypertensives can be given in combination

Question 4

risks of antihypertensives

Answer 4

. can cause palpitations, abnorml heart rythms, fainting, headaches and drowsiness
. allergic reactions and depression

Question 5

what do statins do?

Answer 5

they reduce blood cholesterol- by reducing LDL produced in the liver

Question 6

Benefits of statins

Answer 6

Reduce the risk of developing CVD

Question 7

risks of statins

Answer 7

. muscle and joint pain
. digestive problems and increased risk of diabetes
. nosebleeds, headaches and nausea

Question 8

what do anticoagulants do?

Answer 8

they reduce the formation of bloodclots

Question 9

benefits of anticoagulants

Answer 9

. prevent blood clots from growing any larger and prevents new blood clots froming

Question 10

risks of anticoagulants

Answer 10

if injured excessive bleeding can occur

allergic reactions

Question 11

what do platelet inhibitory drugs do?

Answer 11

they reduce the formation of bloodclots

Question 12

benefits of platelet inhibitory drugs

Answer 12

treats blood clots and reduces risk of CVD

Question 13

risks of platelet inhibitory drugs

Answer 13

rashes, diarrhoe, nausea, liver functioning problems, excessive bleeding

Question 14

why do single-celled organisms not need a specialised gas exchange surface?

Answer 14

single-celled organisms have a large surfcae area to volume ratio.The metabollic rate is low and the demand for energy is little.Diffusion will be fast enough to supply the organelles in the single-celled organism with o2.

Question 15

name some lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of CVD

Answer 15

. A diet high in saturated fat, a diet high in salt
. High blood pressure
. Smoking
. inactivity

Question 16

Other factors that can increase the risk of getting CVD

Answer 16

Genetics
Age-CVD developing increases with age
Gender-Men are more likely to develop CVD

Question 17

describe how a blood clot forms

Answer 17

1. A protein called thromboplastin is released rom the damaged blood vessel
2. Thromboplastin along with calcium ions from the plasma, triggers the conversion of prothrombin into thrombin
3. thrombin then catalyzes the conversion fibrogen into fibrin
4. the fibrins tangle together to form a mesh in which platelets and red blood cells get trapped -this forms a blood clot

Question 18

what is a blood clot made of ?

Answer 18

Fibrin, platelets and red blood cells