Topic10: Using Resources Flashcards
The salt must be completely dry.
Which two extra steps are needed to show that the salt is completely dry?
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This question is about fuels and energy.
The graph below shows the percentage of electricity generated in the UK
between 2007 and 2017 using:
• oil
• solar energy
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6
This question is about copper and alloys of copper.
Solders are alloys used to join metals together.
Some solders contain copper.
The table below shows information about three solders, A, B and C.
Suggest one reason why solders B and C have different melting points.
Use the table above.
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4
Suggest one reason why the total mass of processed solid sewage sludge
increased between 1992 and 2010.
Suggest one reason why the total mass of processed solid sewage sludge
increased between 1992 and 2010.
This question is about drinking water.
There are two main steps in producing drinking water from fresh water.
(a) Draw one line from each step to the reason for the step.
A large amount of aluminium sulfate was accidentally added to the drinking water
supply at a water treatment works.
(c) Scientists tested a sample of the drinking water to show that it contained
dissolved solids.
Which two methods show the presence of dissolved solids in the sample of
drinking water?
Tick (✓) two boxes.
Distillation
Oxygen
To sterilise the water
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Copper ores are quarried by digging large holes in the ground, as shown in Figure 1. 2
Some copper ores contain only 2% copper.
Most of the ore is rock that is not needed.
In one ore, the main compound is copper carbonate (CuCO3).
Figure 2 shows the stages used in the extraction of copper from this ore.
Suggest one reason why it is important for the company to calculate the mass of reactants in Stage 3.
After a few years the kettle no longer worked.
• Some parts of the kettle are made of plastic.
• Some parts of the kettle are made of stainless steel.
• The owner of the kettle disposed of it in a landfill site.
Consider these statements.
Suggest three reasons why the kettle should not be disposed of in a landfill site. 3
The tablet containers could be disposed of in a landfill site or could be recycled.
(i) Suggest two reasons why disposing of the tablet containers in a landfill site could
cause problems.
2
yes
any two from:
• because plastic does not biodegrade or running out of space for landfills or
land cannot be used for a long time
no
• burning plastic produces carbon dioxide / carbon emissions / toxic gases
What type of polymer is polymer A?
Use the table above. 1
Why does polymer A behave differently to polymer B when heated?
You should refer to crosslinks in your answer
A contains crosslinks
Evaluate the use of these materials for making food plates.
You should use features of life cycle assessments (LCAs).
Use the table above.
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• copper ores will run out
allow copper ores scarce
• landfill sites running out
allow reduces waste
• less energy used
allow produces less carbon dioxide or
an implication e.g. global warming
• mining causes pollution
allow a specific pollution resulting from
mining, e.g. noise, eyesore, damage to
environment
• copper from copper ore more expensive
allow recycled copper is cheaper
Suggest one advantage of using HDPE compared with poly(chloroethene)
to make window frames.
Give one reason for your answer.
Use Table 1.
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Brass contains layers of atoms which can slide over each other.
Explain why red brass is softer than yellow brass.
Use the table above and your own knowledge.
Ammonium sulfate is a compound in fertilisers.
Ammonium sulfate can be made using an industrial process or in the
laboratory.
In the industrial process, the following steps are used.
1. React streams of ammonia solution and sulfuric acid together.
2. Evaporate the water by passing the solution down a warm column.
3. Collect dry crystals continuously at the bottom of the column.
In the laboratory, the following steps are used.
1. React ammonia solution and sulfuric acid in a conical flask.
2. Evaporate water from the solution until crystals start to form.
3. Leave to cool and crystallise further.
4. Separate the crystals using filtration.
5. Dry the crystals between pieces of filter paper
Most of the ammonia produced is used to make fertilisers.
(e)
Why did the world production of ammonia change between 1950 and
2010?
Tick () two boxes.
Which fertiliser is not made using ammonia?
Use the table above.
D
Ammonia is NH3
This question is about reversible reactions and equilibrium.
Hydrogen is used to produce ammonia in the Haber process.
The hydrogen is made in two stages.
Stage 1 is the reaction of methane and steam to produce carbon monoxide and
hydrogen.
The equation for the reaction is:
CH4(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO(g) + 3 H2(g)
Stage 2 uses the carbon monoxide produced in stage 1.
The carbon monoxide is reacted with more steam to produce carbon dioxide and more hydrogen.
The equation for the reaction in stage 2 is:
CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g)
The diagram below shows how nitrogen is used in the Haber Process to produce
ammonia.
Gas X in the diagram above is obtained from methane.
Name gas X
Hydrogen
The diagram below shows how nitrogen is used in the Haber Process to produce
ammonia.
Give the approximate temperature and pressure used in the reactor.
Temperature ____________________
Pressure _______________________
The mixture of gases from the reactor cools in the condenser.
Suggest why ammonia condenses but the other gases do not.
Suggest how ammonia is separated from the other gases.
