topic two - human interaction - global connection - migration - miss roberts

Question 1

how many people were living outside of their country of orgin in 2015?

Answer 1

244 million people, 3.3% of the world’s populationwere living outside their country of origin

Question 2

define migration?

Answer 2

the movement of people across a specified boundary, national or international, to
establish a new permanent place of residence

Question 3

define refugees?

Answer 3

people fleeing conflict zones and persecution. these are growing in number, as are asylum seekers.

Question 4

define economic migrants?

Answer 4

globally these are the majority of migrants.
they are seeking work and social opportunities, often sending money back to their
family, known as migrant remittances

Question 5

what does international migration involve?

Answer 5

involves relatively long distance movements

between countries

Question 6

population formula?

Answer 6

Population change = (births-deaths) + international migration

Question 7

define a long term migrant?

Answer 7

a person who moves to a country other than his or her usual residence for a period of at least a year.

Question 8

define a short term migrant?

Answer 8

a person who moves for at least three months but less

than a year.

Question 9

define emigration?

Answer 9

permanent departure of a person from one country to live in another

Question 10

define immigration?

Answer 10

entrance of a person into with the aim of living there

permanently

Question 11

reasons for living abroad?

Answer 11

family reunification:
moving to join people
overseas

employment opportunities:
Working age, high proportion of managerial.

retirement:
house prices enable many to
sell up and live more heaply
abroad

Question 12

define inter-regional migrant flows?

Answer 12

the flow of migrants towards europe

Question 13

define push factors?

Answer 13

the things that people wish to get away from (negative factors)

Question 14

define pull factors?

Answer 14

the perceived advantages of a potential destination which attract migrants

Question 15

define intervening obsticles?

Answer 15

obsticles for migrants along their route, both human and physical factors

Question 16

what does the schengen agreemen?

Answer 16

this allows freedom of movement within most of the EU across its internal national borders.

Question 17

define remittance?

Answer 17

a remittance is a transfer of money by a
foreign worker to an individual in his or her home country

money sent home by migrants competes with international aid as one of the largest financial inflows to developing countries

Question 18

define workers’ remittances?

Answer 18

workers’ remittances are a significant part of international capital flows, especially with regard to labour-exporting countries

Question 19

define cumulative causation/multiplier effect?

Answer 19

spiral of advantages that occur in a specific geographical location
(core)

can be used on a global, regional scale or within countries to explain regional disparities.

Question 20

how does a country become rich?

Answer 20

increase in jobs and population

increase demand for goods and services

expansion of existing industries and formation of new business

improvement of infrastructure and services
further development

Question 21

characteristics of core?

Answer 21

high foreign direct investment (FDI)

high employment and high wages

high levels of communications and
technology e.g. internet and mobile
network

high literacy and skills rates

net migration gain

larger secondary and tertiary
economy

good electricity, water and gas
supplies

good quality housing

wide variety of entertainment e.g.
cinemas, museums, etc.

cultural diversity (sport, music, religion, 
language, food, dress, etc.)

large racial mix

Question 22

characteristics of periphery?

Answer 22

disinvestment

net migration loss

unemployment

low levels of literacy and small skills base

large primary sector economy - maybe a large number of subsistence
farmers

water and electricity shortages - possible reliance on fuelwood

poor levels of communications

poor housing - often informal settlements

traditional lifestyle/culture (lack of cultural mix)

little international cultural or sporting facilities

Question 23

backwash effects?

Answer 23

negative impacts on peripheral regions caused by the growth of core
regions.

E.G. Out-migration of economically active people, outflows of capital,
decreasing tax base, firms of the periphery not able to compete with the firms
of the core and therefore periphery being flooded with core’s products

Question 24

spread effects?

Answer 24

positive effects impacts on peripheral regions caused by growth of core
regions

E.G. Core unable to supply all the products the Core is demanding so supply
from the Periphery to the Core. Core becomes affected by NEGATIVE
EXTERNALITIES (high rents, overcrowding, congestion) so firms locate in
periphery

Question 25

define diaspora?

Answer 25

diaspora is a scattered population whose origin lies within a smaller geographic locale. Diaspora can also refer to the movement of the population from its original homeland.

Question 26

benefits of migration?

Answer 26

migrants make huge contributions to their origin and the host countries

check geo sheet for more answers

Question 27

negatives of migration?

Answer 27

inequalities
Injustices
conflict

review the sheet for examples

Question 28

what has globalisation lead to within migration?

Answer 28

Globalisation has led to new source areas
(places where migrants come from) and
host destinations (places where migrants
end up).

Question 29

What are the main reasons for international migration by younger workers?

Answer 29

greater employment opportunities.
higher wages.
possibility of remittance.

Question 30

why is migration becoming increasing complex?

Answer 30

flows in South-South corridors are now equal in magnitude to those in South-North corridors

Question 31

what do immigration flows show in 2013

Answer 31

UN statistics for 2013 show that South-South international migrant stock now outnumbers
that of the South-North flows

Question 32

reasons for south to south migrants?

Answer 32

restrictive administrative barriers for migrants from the South attempting to enter the North; often in response they redirect their migration to another South country.

the number of fast-growing economies in the South which offer employment opportunities and are increasingly accessible

increased awareness of opportunities in the South resulting from improved communications and developing social and business networks

demographics – e.g.. Africa population boom= high levels of labour market competition for young adults

preventative costs of moving to more distant richer countries

environmental changes can force migration e.g. deterioration of the natural environment in Sahelian countries

Question 33

why is migration becoming increasing complex?

Answer 33

conflict and persecution have increased numbers of refugees

changes in national
immigration and emigration
policies

Question 34

national migration polices?

Answer 34

national migration policies are designed to meet the
economic, social and political needs of a country

E.g. some AC’s such as the UK, Australia and Canada
use a points based system to satisfy labour shortages
in particular sectors

Question 35

review the Brazil case study

Answer 35

olc and booklet

Question 36

review the Birmingham case study notes

Answer 36

in folder

Question 37

what does GRASP mean?

Answer 37

gender, religion, race, age, sexuality, role play

Question 38

define representation?

Answer 38

refers to any means of communication (description/ portrayal) by which people tell each other about people and places. These can be either formal or informal

Question 39

informal meaning and example?

Answer 39

your own opinion e.g. painting

Question 40

formal meaning and example?

Answer 40

this is data and reliable sources e.g census and maps