topic three- section 1 Flashcards
Environmental chemistry
How is nitrogen added to the environment?
-nitrogen fixing plants
-fertilizers/compost-manure
-lightning
How is nitrogen taken away from the environment?
-bacteria that converts soil nitrates into free N2
-water carries away nitrates
-harvesting plants
3 kinds of pollution
-noise
-thermal
-chemical
What is the correct order of elements on a fertilizer bag?
Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium
Problems with pesticides
-pests become immune
-harms other organisms
-some remain in the environment
What is a storm sewer?
large areas used to collect street water before its released
What is pH?
The measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution. 0-6 are acidic 7=neutral 8+ basic
How is acid rain produced?
When chemical released from industrial processes combine with water to form acids that fall with the rain
How does litmus paper work?
Blue paper will turn red if it is dipped in a acid. Red paper will turn blue if it is dipped in a base.
What is neutralization?
A reaction where an acid and a base come together to produce water and a salt.
What is a buffer? And how does it work?
A buffer can neutralise an acid or a base. (antacids) Ex- eno, tums, pepto bismol
How does bromothymol blue work?
It turns yellow in an acid. It turns green when it is neutral. It is blue in a basic.
Macronutrients vs micronutrients
Macronutrients are nutrients you need in large quantities (CHONPKSMgCa) Micronutrients are nutrients you need in smaller amounts (Fe Se)
Carbohydrates
made up of CHO
Simple sugars- one or two subunits long, glucose is a simple sugar made by photosynthesis
Complex carbohydrates- long repeating chains of glucose linked together Ex- starch, cellulose, glycogen
Lipids
made of CHO
fats/oils/waxes
Proteins
made of CHON
meat/fish/eggs/dairy
used for growth/repair
enzymes (speacialized proteins) control the rate chemicals react in our bodies
proteins are made of amino acids
each protein has its own number and arrangement of amino acids
Nucleic acids
made of CHONP
complex/large
heridary/cell activity
2 nucleic acids are DNA and RNA
What is passive transportation?
movement of molecules that does not require an input of energy
What is diffusion?
the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low.
What is Osmosis?
the movement of water molecules from an area of high concentration to low.
What is active transport?
energy used to move molecules against the gradient, from low to high concentration.
What is a subtrate?
the material on which an organism lives. Some attach themselves others feed off their subtrate.
