TOPIC(S) TEST Flashcards
What are buses?
A physical set of parallel wires connecting and carrying groups of bits between several components of a computer
What is pipelining?
The process of completing the FDE cycles of three separate instructions simultaneously
What is the address bus?
Carries the memory address to identity where data is read from or written to
What is an instruction set?
A set of instructions written in machine code that can be recognised by a given processing unit/CPU
What is the purpose of the MDR?
- Used to temporarily store data which is read from or written to memory
- All data to and from memory must travel down the data bus and pass through the MDR
What is a GPU?
A co-processor which has lots of independent processors working parallel making it efficient at tasks
What is a co-processor?
- Any additional processor used for a specialised task
Features of CISC
- Aims to complete a task in as few lines of assembly code as possible
- Complicated hardware and circuitry so it can understand and execute a series of operations
- Makers efficient use of RAM
- Used in laptops and desktop computers
What is the purpose of the CU?
- Controls and coordinates all activities of the CPU
- Directs the flow of data between the CPU and other devices
What is the process of the Simple Instruction Multiple Data SIMD?
Parallel processing is where a processor carries out a single instruction on multiple data items at the same time
What are the differences between GPUs and CPUs?
_ CPUs are generic processing units / GPUs are highly specialised
- CPUs excel at performing complex operations on small data sets (Vice versa)
- GPUS are designed so a single instruction can work over a large block of similar data
Von Neumann architecture
- Shared space for data and instruction (same format)
- A single CU/processor follow a linear FDE cycle
- One instruction at a time
What are the features of Reduced Instruction Set Computer (RISC?)
- Uses simple instructions which is executed within one clock cycle
- Uses less complex hardware so there’s more space for cache and registers
- Used in smartphones and embedded systems
- Heavy use of RAM (bottlenecks if limited)
What is an output?
Any device that can take data stored in digital form and convert it into a form that humans can process e.g. sound
What is parallel processing?
The process of program instructions by dividing them between multiple processors or processor cores