1.2.4 Types of Programming Techniques Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a programming paradigm?

A
  • To describe an example of a pattern
  • To describe an example of a way of doing things
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2
Q

Machine code (4)

A
  • Least abstract
  • Closest to what happens on a computer
  • Programs directly in 1s and 0s
  • These translate into matching electrical signals e.g. 1 for high voltage and 0 for lo
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3
Q

Assembly language (4)

A
  • Low level language that uses short code (mnemonics)
  • Each mnemonic matches a specific sequence of 1s and 0s
  • One-to-one relationship
  • Written in assembly language and translated by a specific assembler
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4
Q

High Level language

A
  • Written in the language that is designed to be easily understood by humans
  • Uses syntax that is similar to human language to form instructions
  • Must be translated into machine code before it can be run (compilation)
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5
Q

Features of procedural languages

A
  • Focus on telling a computer exactly what to do by way of step-by-step instructions
  • Lay code as a series of statements (SSI)
  • Code is developed in a modular way using functions and procedures
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6
Q

Features of procedural languages

A
  • Pre defined functions
  • Local variables
  • Global variables
  • Parameter passing
  • Modularity
  • Procedures
  • Library
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7
Q

What are pre defined functions?

A

Functions pre-written within a programming language

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8
Q

What are local variables?

A

A variable that can only be accessed within the specific function or procedure it was declared in

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9
Q

What are global variables?

A

A variable that can be accessed throughout the whole program and used by all modules

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10
Q

What is parameter passing?

A

Allows variable values to be passed into procedures and functions for use in those blocks of code

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11
Q

What is modularity?

A

The concept of separating the functionality of a program into individual, interchangeable blocks, each designed to carry out a single task
- These all combine to make a complete program and make the program more readable

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12
Q

What is a library?

A

A collection of pre-built functions and procedures that can be linked and used y a programmer in their own code

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13
Q

LMC: ADD

A

Add

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14
Q

LMC: SUB

A

Subtract

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15
Q

LMC: STA

A

Store

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16
Q

LMC: LDA

A

Load

17
Q

LMC: BRA

A

Branch always

18
Q

LMC: BRZ

A

Branch if zero

19
Q

LMC: BRP

A

Branch if positive

20
Q

LMC: INP

A

Input

21
Q

LMC: OUT

A

Output

22
Q

LMC: HLT

A

End program

23
Q

LMC: DAT

A

Data location

24
Q

Different modes of addressing memory

A
  • Immediate addressing
  • Direct addressing
  • Indirect addressing
  • Indexed addressing
25
Q

What is the opcode?

A

Part of the instruction that specifies which operation the processor should perform

26
Q

What is the operand?

A

The pieces of data for the opcode to act on

27
Q

What is immediate addressing?

A
  • The operand specifies a values which will be used in the operation
28
Q

What is direct addressing?

A
  • The operand specifies the address of a memory location
  • Contents of this memory location will be used in the operation
29
Q

What is indirect addressing?

A
  • The operand specifies the address of a memory location which holds the address if another memory location
  • Contents of the second location will be used in the operation
30
Q

What is indexed addressing?

A
  • Operand specifies the address of a memory location
  • Contents of the index register will be added to the address to determine a second address
  • Contents of the second location will be used in the operation
31
Q
A