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SAM > TOPIC List > Flashcards

TOPIC List Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Objective and methods of Clinical Diagnostics. The types of the diagnosis. The causes of misdiagnoses. Parts of the current clinical state (status praesens). The order of organ system examinations. Nationale (signalment).
A

to detect abnormalities, function and determine the body system. anything clinically significant. to recommend specific treatment, accurate prognosis, cost effective control and prevention of new cases.
types of diagnosis are physical examination : list them
types of laboratory examination: list them
signs, symptom,syndrome differences
false diagnosis: without examination, not accurate enough, misunderstanding, no examination equipment, inappropriate interpretation of lab data
What is status praesens ???
the order of organ system examinations
National signalment

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2
Q
  1. General impression. The basic clinical values and their pathological changes in dogs and cats.
A

General impression: dont touch, let it walk, body impression,weight size, skeleton muscle, hair skin, footpads, claw
nutritional score, behaviour, posture obvious abnormalities
temperature, pulse, breathing rate

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3
Q
  1. History-taking, parts of the history.
A

Health state
previous veterinary interventions
reproductive state
productivity
transport

health state of population
husbandry
nutrition
change of ownership

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4
Q
  1. Significance, methods, and order of the skin examination. Examination of the hair coat, accessory parts of the skin and ear.
A

Intergumentum

The cycle of har follicle and disorders
sweat gland: apocrine, eccrin and examination method
alopecia, hypotrichosis, hypertrichosis,
condition of skin

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5
Q
  1. Examination of the skin.
A
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6
Q
  1. Exclusively primary skin lesions.
A

macule,papule,
plaques,
nodule,tuber. wheal, vesicles. cysta, pustula

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7
Q
  1. exclusively secondary skin lesions.
A

epidermal collaterettes
excoritation or erosion
ulcer
scar
chap, fissure
lichenification
callus
necrosis

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8
Q
  1. Skin lesions which can be both primary and secondary; skin swellings.
A

scale, crust, comedone, follicular casts, pigmentary changes

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9
Q
  1. The importance and methods of lymph node and lymph vessel examinations. Examination of the lymph nodes in carnivores.
A

done yn inspection and palpation (RECTAL), aspiration, biopsy, excision, extirpation, x-ray, ultrasound, CT, sounding….
location, size, shape, consistent, symetrical, painful, moveness, skin around, structure

what are palpable what are not
`

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10
Q
  1. Examination methods of the visible mucous membranes, their examination in carnivores. The abnormalities of the visible mucous membranes, their diagnostic significance.
A

inspection, palpation and smelling
endoscopy, us, xray, discharge, secretioncytology etc.

conjunctiva, nasal, oral, rectal, genital

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11
Q
  1. Examination of the nose and the paranasal sinuses. Nasal discharge, breath, the examination of the respiratory sounds around the nostrils.
A

external ,adn internal inspection
coughing
larynx and pharynx
trachea
thorax

nasal discharge
shape, nasal stridor, nasalplane, opening, plate and paranasla sinuses

nasal stridor, normal and abnormal, types

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12
Q
  1. Examination of the larynx and the trachea. Examination of the cough, cough induction.
A
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13
Q
  1. Examination methods of the thorax. Examination of the respiration (breathing).
A
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14
Q
  1. Percussion of the thorax. The origin, characteristics, and parts of the percussion sound. Normal percussion sound of the thorax.
A

c- crackling sound - resonancen sound
marek sound - crackling sound

percussion sound: volume, loudness, pitch, frequency, tone, resonance, homogenous, non homogenous, duration

acoustic percussion, percussion pain, methods

main sounds: sonoros, resonant,
damped, doll
tympanic

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15
Q
  1. Physiological lung borders in dogs. Alterations of the lung borders and the percussion sounds. Percussion of the cardiac region, determination of the cardiac boundaries.
A
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16
Q
  1. Examination of the heart. Physical and additional methods.
A
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17
Q
  1. Auscultation of the heart. The endocardial and extracardial murmurs. Characteristics of the heart murmurs.
A
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18
Q
  1. Examination of the pulse in small animals. The quality and alterations of the pulse. Examination of the veins.
A
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19
Q
  1. Intake of feed and water, the abnormalities of chewing and swallowing. Examination of vomitus and its diagnostic significance. Regurgitation. Examination of the oesophagus
A
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20
Q
  1. Examination of the anus, defecation, and faeces. Characteristics of small bowel diarrhea and large bowel diarrhea
A
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21
Q
  1. Methods and order of digestive tract examination.
A
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22
Q
  1. Examination of the oral cavity and the pharynx. The findings of the oral examination in healthy animals.
A
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23
Q
  1. Examination methods and findings of the abdomen in small animals. Examination of the spleen.
A
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24
Q
  1. Examination methods of the liver and the pancreas. Physical and additional methods.
A
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25
Q
  1. Physical and additional examination of the urinary system. Abnormalities of urination.
A
26
Q
  1. Examination of the hormonal glands.
A
27
Q
  1. Physical and additional examination of the genital tract in female and male animals.
A
28
Q
  1. Examination of the nervous system (history, materials and methods, general considerations, order of the examination).
A
29
Q
  1. Examination of the skull and the spine. Examination of pain sensation.
A
30
Q
  1. Changes in behavior/sensorium: excitation and depression.
A
31
Q
  1. Body position, involuntary postures, and movements
A
32
Q
  1. Classification of seizures.
A
33
Q
  1. Classifications, causes and signs of paresis/paralysis
A
34
Q
  1. Examination of the body position, postural reflexes, ataxia.
A
35
Q
  1. Examination of cranial nerves I-VI. Signs of their dysfunction
A
36
Q
  1. Examination of cranial nerves VII-XII. Signs of their dysfunction.
A
37
Q
  1. Examination of the spinal reflexes.
A
38
Q
  1. Principles of blood pressure measurement.
A

sytemic arterial pressure
central venous pressure
pulmonary pressure

39
Q
  1. Principles and diagnostic value of the ECG examination.
A
40
Q
  1. ECG examination of the dog and the cat, the technique of the examination, ECG evaluation, the principles of form and rhythm analysis
A
41
Q
  1. Principles, methods, and diagnostic value of ultrasonography.
A
42
Q
  1. Ultrasonographically detectable common abnormalities of the abdomen.
A

gas-last dense (black)
metal - most dense white

ultrasound
one section at a time,

43
Q
  1. Ultrasonography of the heart (echocardiography).
A
44
Q
  1. Principles of endoscopic examinations, respiratory endoscopy.
A

flexible endoscopy, endoscope and video, endoscopes

Repiratory endoscopy:
rhinoscopy-nasal activity
latyngoscopy -laryx
tracheobronchoscopy- trachea and lungs

others are: cystoscopy, vaginoscopy, laparoscopy, thoracoscopy, arthroscpoy !!

explain all the techniques, disease and aims for the different types of endoscopy

45
Q
  1. Gastrointestinal endoscopy.
A

flexible endoscope, fiberscope, videoendoscope

foreign body foreceps, biopsy forceps
flexible endoscope made of two main parts: handpiece, insertion tube and umbilical cord
we have a light source !!!

upper GI endoscopy:
esophagoscopy
gastroscopy
duodenoscopy
colonoscopy

spirocercosis - tumor like mass

indications and disease as well as technique for all!!!

46
Q
  1. Record the nationale (signalment) and the general impression of the patient, determine the basic clinical values and evaluate the results!
A
47
Q
  1. Describe the findings of the skin examination in the patient!
A
48
Q
  1. Examine the palpable lymph nodes in the patient and describe the findings!
A
49
Q
  1. Examine the mucous membranes in the patient and describe the findings!
A
50
Q
  1. Describe the examination findings of the upper airways in the patient!
A
51
Q
  1. Describe the examination findings of the lower respiratory tract in the patient!
A
52
Q
  1. Describe the examination findings of inspection, palpation, and auscultation of the thorax of the patient!
A
53
Q
  1. Percuss the thorax of the dog and describe the findings!
A
54
Q
  1. Examine the cardiovascular system in the patient and describe the findings!
A
55
Q
  1. Evaluate the given ECG curve!
A
56
Q
  1. Demonstrate the methods of opening the mouth in the patient and describe the findings of the oral and pharyngeal cavity of the given dog!
A
57
Q
  1. Examine the abdomen and the abdominal organs of the patient and describe the findings!
A
58
Q
  1. Examine and describe the gastrointestinal system of the patient!
A
59
Q
  1. Examine the urinary and genital system in the patient and describe the findings!
A
60
Q
  1. Examine the spinal reflexes of the patient and describe the findings!
A
61
Q
  1. Examine the body coordination (postural) reflexes of the patient!
A
62
Q
  1. Describe the findings of the cranial nerve examinations in the patient!
A

SAM (2 decks)

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