Important

Question 1

respiratory sounds heard under physiologicaly conditions

Answer 1

-normal — soft, blowing
- bronchial sound — strong, audible, blowing sound
- bronchial like sound — deeper softer, harsher

Question 2

respiratory sound under pathological conditions

Answer 2

non musical rhonchi—-sudden arising and stopping sound rattling and crackling
crepitation —-coarse crackles
crackling sound
rattling sound

musical rhonchi —- continuous sounds (feline asthma)
whistling - high musical tone
wheezing - low musical sound

Question 3

other abnormal sounds hear over thorax

Answer 3

stridor —strong stenotic sound,
rubbing
splashing - gas and fluid
metallic sound — fluid drops on fluid

Question 4

respiratory movements of the thorax

Answer 4

frequency
rythm
type
depth

Question 5

Main percussion sounds

Answer 5

sonorous, resonant
- fairly low strongly resonant meaning normal lung

damped and dull
-short sound of low intensity meaning non gas containing organs , liver, heart muscle

tympanic
stronger longer sonorous, higher in pitch, hollow organ !!!

other sounds metallic, cracked pot sound, hollow sound

Question 6

altered percussion sounds within the lung borders or due to lung displacement

Answer 6

tympanic sounds
hollow box sounds
metallic sounds
cracked pot sounds

Question 7

alterations in the cardiac sound

Answer 7

normally
pounding beat
reduced heart sounds

demarcation (distincness of the cardiac sound)
additional adventious sounds are murmurs !

Question 8

abnormal findings in pulse quality

Answer 8

irregular, uneven
large or small
strong or weak -compressibility
sluggish or skipping- duration
full or empty- size plus duration
wiry- snall brief hard pulse
heart failure, hypovoleamei - small prolonged weak
bumping - skipping and large

thrill, paradox pulse, pulsus alternana, pulsus deficit

Question 9

neurologic disease processes

Answer 9

degenerative— lipofuscinosis

anomalous- hydrocephalus
metabolic-hepatic enceleopathy
neoplastic- primer or secondary tumor

inflammatory infectios idiopathy- steoid, bacterial virus, fungi

toxic- ethylene glycol toxicity

vascular- ischemia, bleeding

Question 10

mental state

Answer 10

reduced:
depressed, obtuned, dull, blunted, indolent, somnolentia, delirium, dementia

increased: excitation, aggresiveness, furos

Question 11

seizure categorization

Answer 11

partial seizure- one body region, temporal/parietal lobe

complex partial- partial seizure with loss of conscio.

generalized-effects brain, tonic clonic seizures

structural- intracranial seizure, hydrocephalus, storage disease, neoplasm

extracerebral - metabolic

others include: tetanus, tetany, tremor, tic, etc.

Question 12

sweat glands

Answer 12

apocrine
eccrin

Question 13

primary lesions

Answer 13

macule
papule
plaques
nodule, tuber
wheal
vesicles
cysta
pustule

Question 14

secondary

Answer 14

epidermal collarettes
excoriation or erosion
ulcer
scar
chap, fissure
lichenification
callus
necrosis

Question 15

Primary and secondary

Answer 15

Scale
Crust
Comedones
Follicular casts
Pigmentary changes