Topic I/3) Pathomechanisms and clinical forms of urticaria

Question 1

urticaria

Answer 1

the acute development of highly itchy wheals/swellings in the skin.
urticaria consists of superficial, well- defined swellings and erythema of the skin, caused by leaky capillaries of the papillary vascular plexus

Question 2

Acute urticaria

chronic urticaria

Answer 2

less than 6 weeks

more than 6 weeks

Question 3

angioedema

Answer 3

the edematous area involves the dermis and subcutis

caused by leaky capillaries in the deep cutaneous plexus

typically around the eyes, lips and hands

Question 4

etiology of urticaria

Answer 4

caused by leaky capillaries in the skin, causing cutaneous edema.

The final step in the pathogenesis involves the degranulation of mast cells in the skin which releases a number of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, which make the blood vessel leaky

Question 5

causes

Answer 5

drug reactions
food allergy
secondary to viral or parasitise
SLE
idiopathic(autoantibodies may be detected against the high-affinity IgE receptor α–subunit of mast cells)

Question 6

Clinical forms of urticaria:

Answer 6

Immunologic urticarias
Physical urticarias
Hereditary angioedema (HAE)

Question 7

immunologic urticaria

Answer 7

1. IgE-mediated
2. complement mediated
3. autoimmune
4. immonologic contact urticaria

Question 8

physical urticaria

Answer 8

1.Dermographism(linear lesions which occur after stroking or
scratching the skin.)
2.cold
3.solar
4.cholinergic(most common)
5.aquagenic
6.presssure angiedema
7.vibratory angioedema

Question 9

hereditary angioedema

Answer 9

A rare, autosomal dominant disorder
may be very serious and may represent a medical emergency when it erupt
usually affects the face and/or extremities

Question 10

pathomechanism of HAE

Answer 10

The pathomechanism involves abnormalities of the complement system, such as decreased levels of C1-esterase inhibitor or low C4 levels.