Topic E Flashcards

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1
Q

abbreviation for CO2?
light?
organic compounds?
chemical compounds?

A

-CO2= auto
light=photo
organic compounds= hetero
chemical compounds= chemo-

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2
Q

what is a photoautotroph?

A

-carbon dioxide + light
plants, algae, cyanobacteria use H2O to reduce CO2, producing CO2 as a by-product
-green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur do not use H2O nor produce CO2

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3
Q

what is a chemoautotroph?

A

-CO2 + chemical compound
-hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrifying bacteria, some archaea

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4
Q

what is photoheterotrophs?

A

-organic compounds + light
-green non-sulfur bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria, some archaea

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5
Q

what is chemoheterotrophs?

A

chemical compounds + organic compounds
-aerobic respiration: most animals, fungi, and protozoa and many bacteria
-anaerobic respiration: some animals, protozoa, bacteria and archaea
-fermentation: some bacteria, yeasts and archaea

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6
Q

autotrophs

A

-Inorganic carbon source
– CO2
* Make organic compounds
– from CO2
* e source:
– Inorganic molecules: H2, Fe2+, NO2-
– Lithotrophs

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7
Q

heterotrophs

A

Require organic compounds
– Other organisms
– Protein, carbohydrates, etc.
* e source
– Same organic molecules
– Organotrophs

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8
Q

what does TEA stand for?
what is aerobes?
what is anaerobes?
what is obligate?
what is aerotolerant?
what is microaerphiles?

A

Terminal Electron AcceptorsAerobes
aerobes: Require O2 as TEA
* Anaerobes: Require TEAs other than O2
* O2 is lethal
* Obligates: Strict requirements, otherwise poisonous
Aerotolerant: Employ enzymes for
detoxification of O2
* Microaerophiles: Strict oxygen requirements

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9
Q

Thioglycollate Media test:
-obligate aerobes?
-obligate anaerobes?
-facultative anaerobes?
-aerotolerant anaerobes?

A

-high to nothing
-low to nothing
-high falling to low
-evenly spread out

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10
Q

what are four reactive O-species? (ROS)

A

-Singlet O2
– Superoxide radical O2
– Peroxide anions O2
– Hydroxyl radicals

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11
Q

other elements that are for growth

A

-HONC (95% of cells)
-S, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe = 5%
– DNA
– 3D proteins

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12
Q

physical factors affect growth

A

Temperature
– pH
– Osmolarity
– Pressure

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13
Q

agar

A

is Complex polysaccharide: cell walls of red algae
* Microbes can’t digest agar
* Dissolves @ 100°C
– Nutrients remain intact
– Can be used with thermophiles
* Solidifies below 40°C

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14
Q

direct methods

A

microscopy counts with counting chamber
electronic counter with light counter

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15
Q

indirect methods

A

Metabolic Activity
* Dry Weight
* Turbidity
– Cell growth changes density in
liquid
– Measured by percent light via
spectrophotometer
* Transmission
* Absorption
* Genetic Methods

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