Topic E Flashcards
abbreviation for CO2?
light?
organic compounds?
chemical compounds?
-CO2= auto
light=photo
organic compounds= hetero
chemical compounds= chemo-
what is a photoautotroph?
-carbon dioxide + light
plants, algae, cyanobacteria use H2O to reduce CO2, producing CO2 as a by-product
-green sulfur bacteria and purple sulfur do not use H2O nor produce CO2
what is a chemoautotroph?
-CO2 + chemical compound
-hydrogen, sulfur, and nitrifying bacteria, some archaea
what is photoheterotrophs?
-organic compounds + light
-green non-sulfur bacteria and purple non-sulfur bacteria, some archaea
what is chemoheterotrophs?
chemical compounds + organic compounds
-aerobic respiration: most animals, fungi, and protozoa and many bacteria
-anaerobic respiration: some animals, protozoa, bacteria and archaea
-fermentation: some bacteria, yeasts and archaea
autotrophs
-Inorganic carbon source
– CO2
* Make organic compounds
– from CO2
* e source:
– Inorganic molecules: H2, Fe2+, NO2-
– Lithotrophs
heterotrophs
Require organic compounds
– Other organisms
– Protein, carbohydrates, etc.
* e source
– Same organic molecules
– Organotrophs
what does TEA stand for?
what is aerobes?
what is anaerobes?
what is obligate?
what is aerotolerant?
what is microaerphiles?
Terminal Electron AcceptorsAerobes
aerobes: Require O2 as TEA
* Anaerobes: Require TEAs other than O2
* O2 is lethal
* Obligates: Strict requirements, otherwise poisonous
Aerotolerant: Employ enzymes for
detoxification of O2
* Microaerophiles: Strict oxygen requirements
Thioglycollate Media test:
-obligate aerobes?
-obligate anaerobes?
-facultative anaerobes?
-aerotolerant anaerobes?
-high to nothing
-low to nothing
-high falling to low
-evenly spread out
what are four reactive O-species? (ROS)
-Singlet O2
– Superoxide radical O2
– Peroxide anions O2
– Hydroxyl radicals
other elements that are for growth
-HONC (95% of cells)
-S, P, Ca, Mg, Mn, Cu, Fe = 5%
– DNA
– 3D proteins
physical factors affect growth
Temperature
– pH
– Osmolarity
– Pressure
agar
is Complex polysaccharide: cell walls of red algae
* Microbes can’t digest agar
* Dissolves @ 100°C
– Nutrients remain intact
– Can be used with thermophiles
* Solidifies below 40°C
direct methods
microscopy counts with counting chamber
electronic counter with light counter
indirect methods
Metabolic Activity
* Dry Weight
* Turbidity
– Cell growth changes density in
liquid
– Measured by percent light via
spectrophotometer
* Transmission
* Absorption
* Genetic Methods
