TOPIC C9 + 10 CHEMISTRY OF ATMOSPHERE AND USING RESOURCES

Question 1

how do scientists thinkt eh earth was formed in the first billion years

Answer 1

-surface covered in volcanos that erupted and released lots of gases
-atmosphere had carbon dioxide and virtually no oxygen
-also released nitrogen

Question 2

state what scientists think happened when water vapour in the atmosphere condensed

Answer 2

-formed oceans
-carbon dioxide was dissolved in oceans
-then went through reactions to form carbonate precipitates that formed sediments on the seabed
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Question 3

state something from 2.7 billion years ago

Answer 3

-algae evolved first
-then over next years green plants evolved

Question 4

state 3 greenhouse gases

Answer 4

-carbon dioxide
-methane
-water vapour

Question 5

state 4 forms of human activity that affect the amounts of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere

Answer 5

-deforestation
-burning fossil fuels
-agriculture
-creating waste

Question 6

what does increasing carbon dioxide link to

Answer 6

climate change

Question 7

consequences of climate change

Answer 7

-ice caps melting
-changes in rainfall patterns
-frequency and severity of storms increase
-changes in temperature

Question 8

what are carbon footprints a measure of

Answer 8

-basically a measure of the amount of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases releases over the full life cycle of something

Question 9

ways of reducing carbon footprints

Answer 9

-renewable energy sources
-using more efficient processes could conserve energy and cut waste
-governments tax companies based on greenhouse gases

Question 10

what does combustion of fossil fuels release

Answer 10

-gases
-particles

Question 11

state the problem of particulates in air

Answer 11

-if inhaled they get stuck in the lungs and cause damage, this leads to **respiratory problems **
-bad for environment, they reflect sunlight back into space, which means that less light reaches the earth and causes global dimming

Question 12

state 2 consequences of incomplete combustion

Answer 12

-particulates
-carbon monoxide

Question 13

why is carbon monoxide dangerous

Answer 13

-as it can stop blood from carrying oxygen around the body
-does this by binding to haemoglobin in blood that normally carries O2
-lack of oxygen goes to fainting, a coma or even death

Question 14

sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen

Answer 14

can be released during combustions of fossil fuels
-they form dilute sulfuric acid or dilute nitric acid, leads as acid rain
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