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Chemistry > TOPIC C3 and TOPIC 4 > Flashcards

TOPIC C3 and TOPIC 4 Flashcards

1
Q

What Is limiting reactants

A

If one reactant gets completely used up in a reaction before the rest then the reaction will stop

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2
Q

When will reactions stop

A

When I’ve reactant is used up

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3
Q

What is the reaction called when it’s used up

A

Limiting reactant (because it limits the amount of product that’s formed

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4
Q

How much product is made in limiting factor

A

It’s directly proportional to the amount of limiting reactant

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5
Q

What happens to the particles when more reactant is added

A

There will be more reactant particles to take part in the reaction, which means more product particles

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6
Q

What is concentration

A

The amount of a substance in a certain volume of a solution

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7
Q

What are the units that concentration if measured in

A

Mass/units of volume

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8
Q

How do you we calculate the concentration

A

Concentration = mass of solute /volume of solvent

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9
Q

What do we use to test a pH of the solution

A

Using an indicator

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10
Q

What is the pH scale

A

It is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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11
Q

What does a neutral substance

A

pH 7

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12
Q

What is an indicator

A

It is due that changed colour depending on whether it’s above Or below a certain pH

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13
Q

Indicators aren’t that accurate which other measurement can be used to measure the pH

A

A pH probe

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14
Q

He does a pH prove work

A

It’s is attacked to a pH meter
The probe is place in the solution you are measuring and the pH is given on a digital display as a numerical value (more accurate)

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15
Q

What is an acid

A

It is a substance that forms aqueous solution with a pH of less than 7

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16
Q

What is a base

A

It is a substance with a pH greater than 7

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17
Q

What is an alkali

A

It’s a base that dissolved in water to form a solution with a pH greater that 7

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18
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation

A

Acid+base➡️salt +water

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19
Q

What do acids produce in water

A

They ionise in equeous solution- they produce hydrogen ions

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20
Q

What do strong acids do in water

A

They ionise completely in water

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21
Q

What is the general formula for the pH scale

A

Factor H+ ion concentration changes by =10-x

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22
Q

If bothers strong acid and weak acid have the same concentration what does it mean

A

The pH of a strong acid is always less than get pH of a weaker acid of they have the same concentration

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23
Q

Why do alkalis react with acid

A

To neutralise reactions

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24
Q

What do metal oxides and metal hydroxide react with

A

They react with acids to form salt and water

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25
Acid + Metal Oxide ➡️ salt + water Or Acid + Metal hydroxide ➡️salt +water
Formulas to making salt and water
26
What do acids and metal carbonates product
Carbon dioxide
27
What is the formula of metal carbonate
Acid + Metal Carbonate ➡️salt + water + Carbon Dioxide
28
How do you make copper chloride
Hydrochloric acid and copper oxide
29
How can you make soluble salts
By using an insoluble base
30
What does the reactivity series tells us
The reactivity series lists metals order of their reactivity towards other substances
31
How is the reactivity of metals determine where it’s put on the list
By how easily they lose electrons- forming positive ions.
32
If a metal is high up in the reactivity metal what does that tell us
The more easily they form positive ions and the more easily it reacts with water or acid
33
Like the reactivity series in order
``` Potassium Sodium Lithium Magnesium Carbon Zinc Iron Hydrogen Copper ```
34
What happens to metals when they react with water and acid
They lost electrons and form positive ions
35
What do some metals react with acids to make
A salt and hydrogen gas
36
If a metal is reactive what will happen
The faster the reaction will go
37
How can you also investigate the reactivity of metals
By measuring the temperature change the reaction with an acid or water over a set time period
38
If the same mass and surface areas of metals each time what happens to the reactivity of the metals
The metals get more reactant, the greater the temperature change should be
39
What do metals also React with
Water
40
What do the reaction of metals with water show
The reactivity of metals | Metal + Water ➡️ Metal Hydroxide+Hydrogen
41
Which metals will react with water
Potassium,sodium,lithium and calcium will react with water
42
Which metals will not react with water
Zinc, iron, and copper won’t react with water
43
Give an example of oxidation
Metals like iron and aluminium react with oxygen to form oxide
44
What is a reaction that separates a metal from its oxide is called what
Reduction reaction
45
What is the formation of metal ore
Oxidation = Gain of oxygen | Eg magnesium is oxidised to make magnesium oxide
46
What is the extraction of metal
Reduction = Loss of Oxygen | Eg copper oxide Is reduced to copper
47
How can some metals be extracted from their ores chemically
By reduction using carbon
48
What determines if a metal should be reduced with carbon
The position of the metal in the reactivity series
49
How are metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series extracted
By using electrolysis which is very expensive as lots of energy if required to melt the ore and produce the required current
50
How are Metals below carbon in the reactivity series extracted
Reduction using carbon
51
What metal metal is so unreactive that they are in the earth as the metal itself
Gold, it mined as its elemental form
52
What is the electrons called when they are lost
Oxidation
53
What is a gain of electrons
Reduction
54
What is “REDOX” a combination of and what does it mean
REDUCTION AND OXIDATION | and it happens at the same time
55
What does electrolysis use to cause a reaction
Electrical current
56
During electrolysis what is passed through an electrolyte
Electric current | A molten or dissolved ionic compound
57
Which side will the positive ions move in the electrolyte
They will move towards the cathode and gain electrons
58
Which side will the the negative ions move to in the electrolyte
They will move towards the anode and lose electrons
59
What change does this create through the electrolyte
It creates a flow of charge as the ions travel to the electrodes
60
What is an electrolyte
It’s a liquid or solution that can conduct electricity
61
What is an electrode
It is a solid that conducts electricity and is submerged in the electrolyte
62
Why can’t ionic solid be electrolysed
Because the ions are in fixed position and can’t move
63
Why can molten ionic compounds be electrolysed
Because the ions can move freely and conduct electricity
64
How are positive metals reduced to the element
They are reduced to the elements at the cathode
65
Negative non-metal ions are oxidised
To the element at the anode
66
What does bauxite contain
Aluminium oxide
67
What is aluminium extracted from
The ore bauxite by electricrolysis
68
What is added to aluminium to lower its boiling point as it has a high boiling point
Cryolite to lower the melting point
69
If the molten mixture contains free ions it will
Conduct electricity
70
What can oxidation mean
The addition of oxygen and reduction can be the removal of oxygen
71
What is a loss of electrons
It's called oxidation
72
What is the gain of of elections
It is called reduction
73
What is special about reduction and oxidation
At the same time hence the term "REDOX"

Chemistry (5 decks)

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