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Chemistry > TOPIC C3 and TOPIC 4 > Flashcards

TOPIC C3 and TOPIC 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What Is limiting reactants

A

If one reactant gets completely used up in a reaction before the rest then the reaction will stop

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2
Q

When will reactions stop

A

When I’ve reactant is used up

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3
Q

What is the reaction called when it’s used up

A

Limiting reactant (because it limits the amount of product that’s formed

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4
Q

How much product is made in limiting factor

A

It’s directly proportional to the amount of limiting reactant

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5
Q

What happens to the particles when more reactant is added

A

There will be more reactant particles to take part in the reaction, which means more product particles

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6
Q

What is concentration

A

The amount of a substance in a certain volume of a solution

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7
Q

What are the units that concentration if measured in

A

Mass/units of volume

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8
Q

How do you we calculate the concentration

A

Concentration = mass of solute /volume of solvent

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9
Q

What do we use to test a pH of the solution

A

Using an indicator

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10
Q

What is the pH scale

A

It is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is

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11
Q

What does a neutral substance

A

pH 7

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12
Q

What is an indicator

A

It is due that changed colour depending on whether it’s above Or below a certain pH

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13
Q

Indicators aren’t that accurate which other measurement can be used to measure the pH

A

A pH probe

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14
Q

He does a pH prove work

A

It’s is attacked to a pH meter
The probe is place in the solution you are measuring and the pH is given on a digital display as a numerical value (more accurate)

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15
Q

What is an acid

A

It is a substance that forms aqueous solution with a pH of less than 7

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16
Q

What is a base

A

It is a substance with a pH greater than 7

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17
Q

What is an alkali

A

It’s a base that dissolved in water to form a solution with a pH greater that 7

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18
Q

What is the equation for neutralisation

A

Acid+base➡️salt +water

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19
Q

What do acids produce in water

A

They ionise in equeous solution- they produce hydrogen ions

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20
Q

What do strong acids do in water

A

They ionise completely in water

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21
Q

What is the general formula for the pH scale

A

Factor H+ ion concentration changes by =10-x

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22
Q

If bothers strong acid and weak acid have the same concentration what does it mean

A

The pH of a strong acid is always less than get pH of a weaker acid of they have the same concentration

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23
Q

Why do alkalis react with acid

A

To neutralise reactions

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24
Q

What do metal oxides and metal hydroxide react with

A

They react with acids to form salt and water

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25
Q

Acid + Metal Oxide ➡️ salt + water
Or
Acid + Metal hydroxide ➡️salt +water

A

Formulas to making salt and water

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26
Q

What do acids and metal carbonates product

A

Carbon dioxide

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27
Q

What is the formula of metal carbonate

A

Acid + Metal Carbonate ➡️salt + water + Carbon Dioxide

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28
Q

How do you make copper chloride

A

Hydrochloric acid and copper oxide

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29
Q

How can you make soluble salts

A

By using an insoluble base

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30
Q

What does the reactivity series tells us

A

The reactivity series lists metals order of their reactivity towards other substances

31
Q

How is the reactivity of metals determine where it’s put on the list

A

By how easily they lose electrons- forming positive ions.

32
Q

If a metal is high up in the reactivity metal what does that tell us

A

The more easily they form positive ions and the more easily it reacts with water or acid

33
Q

Like the reactivity series in order

A 
Potassium 
Sodium
Lithium
Magnesium 
Carbon 
Zinc
Iron
Hydrogen 
Copper
34
Q

What happens to metals when they react with water and acid

A

They lost electrons and form positive ions

35
Q

What do some metals react with acids to make

A

A salt and hydrogen gas

36
Q

If a metal is reactive what will happen

A

The faster the reaction will go

37
Q

How can you also investigate the reactivity of metals

A

By measuring the temperature change the reaction with an acid or water over a set time period

38
Q

If the same mass and surface areas of metals each time what happens to the reactivity of the metals

A

The metals get more reactant, the greater the temperature change should be

39
Q

What do metals also React with

A

Water

40
Q

What do the reaction of metals with water show

A

The reactivity of metals

Metal + Water ➡️ Metal Hydroxide+Hydrogen

41
Q

Which metals will react with water

A

Potassium,sodium,lithium and calcium will react with water

42
Q

Which metals will not react with water

A

Zinc, iron, and copper won’t react with water

43
Q

Give an example of oxidation

A

Metals like iron and aluminium react with oxygen to form oxide

44
Q

What is a reaction that separates a metal from its oxide is called what

A

Reduction reaction

45
Q

What is the formation of metal ore

A

Oxidation = Gain of oxygen

Eg magnesium is oxidised to make magnesium oxide

46
Q

What is the extraction of metal

A

Reduction = Loss of Oxygen

Eg copper oxide Is reduced to copper

47
Q

How can some metals be extracted from their ores chemically

A

By reduction using carbon

48
Q

What determines if a metal should be reduced with carbon

A

The position of the metal in the reactivity series

49
Q

How are metals higher than carbon in the reactivity series extracted

A

By using electrolysis which is very expensive as lots of energy if required to melt the ore and produce the required current

50
Q

How are Metals below carbon in the reactivity series extracted

A

Reduction using carbon

51
Q

What metal metal is so unreactive that they are in the earth as the metal itself

A

Gold, it mined as its elemental form

52
Q

What is the electrons called when they are lost

A

Oxidation

53
Q

What is a gain of electrons

A

Reduction

54
Q

What is “REDOX” a combination of and what does it mean

A

REDUCTION AND OXIDATION

and it happens at the same time

55
Q

What does electrolysis use to cause a reaction

A

Electrical current

56
Q

During electrolysis what is passed through an electrolyte

A

Electric current

A molten or dissolved ionic compound

57
Q

Which side will the positive ions move in the electrolyte

A

They will move towards the cathode and gain electrons

58
Q

Which side will the the negative ions move to in the electrolyte

A

They will move towards the anode and lose electrons

59
Q

What change does this create through the electrolyte

A

It creates a flow of charge as the ions travel to the electrodes

60
Q

What is an electrolyte

A

It’s a liquid or solution that can conduct electricity

61
Q

What is an electrode

A

It is a solid that conducts electricity and is submerged in the electrolyte

62
Q

Why can’t ionic solid be electrolysed

A

Because the ions are in fixed position and can’t move

63
Q

Why can molten ionic compounds be electrolysed

A

Because the ions can move freely and conduct electricity

64
Q

How are positive metals reduced to the element

A

They are reduced to the elements at the cathode

65
Q

Negative non-metal ions are oxidised

A

To the element at the anode

66
Q

What does bauxite contain

A

Aluminium oxide

67
Q

What is aluminium extracted from

A

The ore bauxite by electricrolysis

68
Q

What is added to aluminium to lower its boiling point as it has a high boiling point

A

Cryolite to lower the melting point

69
Q

If the molten mixture contains free ions it will

A

Conduct electricity

70
Q

What can oxidation mean

A

The addition of oxygen and reduction can be the removal of oxygen

71
Q

What is a loss of electrons

A

It’s called oxidation

72
Q

What is the gain of of elections

A

It is called reduction

73
Q

What is special about reduction and oxidation

A

At the same time hence the term “REDOX”

Chemistry (5 decks)

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