TOPIC C - general informaion

Question 1

what is the modelling stage of the SLT?

Answer 1

Attention: get someone’s attention so that the child will model a certain behaviour
Retention: observer must store info about the models behaviour is memory
Reproduction: observer has to be able to physically reproduce the desired behaviour
Motivation: in order to be successful the learners must be able to demonstrate the learnt behaviour that has been modelled

Question 2

what is ARRM?

Answer 2

attention
retention
reproduction
motivation

Question 3

what is observational learning?

Answer 3

children learn trough watching other people. When we teach a child a child to use a pen we often demonstrate the skill first, then the child will remember and copy the action

Question 4

what is the role mode stage of SLT?

Answer 4

a role model can be anyone we watch and aspire to be
children may copy their clothes and actions
e.g. celebrity or sportsman

Question 5

what is the identification stage of SLT?

Answer 5

when modelling a person, we are more likely to choose someone we identify with
e.g. same sex, age, attractiveness
usually successful and adopt their behaviour

Question 6

what is the vicarious reinforcement stage of SLT?

Answer 6

a reward is given when we copy someone else’s mistakes or copying behaviour after watching someone being praised for their actions
it works in reverse - we may not copy someone actions if it results in punishment

Question 7

what is attention is the modelling stage of SLT?

Answer 7

get someone’s attention so that the child will model a certain behaviour

Question 8

what is retention is the modelling stage of SLT?

Answer 8

the observer must be able to blow able to store information about the models behaviour in memory, in order to retrieve the information later

Question 9

what is reproduction in the modelling stage of SLT?

Answer 9

the observer has to be able to physically reproduce the desired behaviour

Question 10

what is motivation part of the modelling stage of SLT?

Answer 10

in order to be successful learners must be able to demonstrate the learnt behaviour that has been modelled

Question 11

what is testosterone?

Answer 11

a male sex hormone produced in the testes and secreted by the adrenal gland which is needed to produce sperm

produces male features such as facial hair and deep voice

Question 12

is testosterone thought to act on areas of the brain which control aggression from young adulthood onwards?

Answer 12

yes

Question 13

what did Libdman et al show?

Answer 13

aggressive behaviour in drunk makes positively correlated with testosterone levels

Question 14

what does Wagner et al show?

Answer 14

castrated male mice showed decreased aggression which then increased when give testosterone again

Question 15

what does Dabbs et al show?

Answer 15

measured testosterone in Saluva of 692 adult men prisoners and found higher levels in rapists and violent offenders than in burglars and thieves

Question 16

what are the weaknesses of testosterone explanation?

Answer 16

• not all people with high testosterone are aggressive
• mice and other animals aren’t similar to humans
• correlation studies just show comparison not direct evidence

Question 17

what are hormones?

Answer 17

a chemical produced by the body that sends messages to organs of the body via the blood-stream

Question 18

what is content analysis?

Answer 18

a research method used to measure the number of times a behaviour or event occurs within one of several types of media

Question 19

what are strengths of content analysis?

Answer 19

• easy to gain access to the broadcast you want to study
• easy to build a representative sample
• highly reliable data
• easy to repeat
• applies across a range of media
• objective account

Question 20

content analysis weaknesses

Answer 20

• researchers can select and record data accurately
• has to make choices about how to interpret some behaviours
• maybe time consuming
• only a “snapshot” of people’s lives
• describes rather than explains

Question 21

what is the hypothalamus?

Answer 21

a small part of the brain located just below the thalamus
the busiest part of the brain
mainly concerned with homeostasis

Question 22

what is the role of the hippocampus?

Answer 22

responsible for making short term memories into long term memories

Question 23

what is the amygdala?

Answer 23

two almond-shaped masses of neurones on either side of the thalamus at the lower end of the hippocampus

when it is stimulated electrically animals respond with aggression but when it is removed animals are more tamed but also become in different to stimuli

Question 24

what is the limb if system?

Answer 24

hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala

Question 25

what are the strengths of limbic system as an explanation of aggression?

Answer 25

- animal studies offer evidence | - the case studies of Charles Whitman and the case described by King are evidence

Question 26

what are the weaknesses of limbic system as an explanation of aggression?

Answer 26

- studying the human brain is difficult and could be risky - animal are humans are different so research with animals may not be applicable to humans - case studies are unreliable - aggression could equally be explained by the way children copy the media