TOPIC C - general informaion Flashcards
what is the modelling stage of the SLT?
Attention: get someone’s attention so that the child will model a certain behaviour
Retention: observer must store info about the models behaviour is memory
Reproduction: observer has to be able to physically reproduce the desired behaviour
Motivation: in order to be successful the learners must be able to demonstrate the learnt behaviour that has been modelled
what is ARRM?
attention
retention
reproduction
motivation
what is observational learning?
children learn trough watching other people. When we teach a child a child to use a pen we often demonstrate the skill first, then the child will remember and copy the action
what is the role mode stage of SLT?
a role model can be anyone we watch and aspire to be
children may copy their clothes and actions
e.g. celebrity or sportsman
what is the identification stage of SLT?
when modelling a person, we are more likely to choose someone we identify with
e.g. same sex, age, attractiveness
usually successful and adopt their behaviour
what is the vicarious reinforcement stage of SLT?
a reward is given when we copy someone else’s mistakes or copying behaviour after watching someone being praised for their actions
it works in reverse - we may not copy someone actions if it results in punishment
what is attention is the modelling stage of SLT?
get someone’s attention so that the child will model a certain behaviour
what is retention is the modelling stage of SLT?
the observer must be able to blow able to store information about the models behaviour in memory, in order to retrieve the information later
what is reproduction in the modelling stage of SLT?
the observer has to be able to physically reproduce the desired behaviour
what is motivation part of the modelling stage of SLT?
in order to be successful learners must be able to demonstrate the learnt behaviour that has been modelled
what is testosterone?
a male sex hormone produced in the testes and secreted by the adrenal gland which is needed to produce sperm
produces male features such as facial hair and deep voice
is testosterone thought to act on areas of the brain which control aggression from young adulthood onwards?
yes
what did Libdman et al show?
aggressive behaviour in drunk makes positively correlated with testosterone levels
what does Wagner et al show?
castrated male mice showed decreased aggression which then increased when give testosterone again
what does Dabbs et al show?
measured testosterone in Saluva of 692 adult men prisoners and found higher levels in rapists and violent offenders than in burglars and thieves
what are the weaknesses of testosterone explanation?
- not all people with high testosterone are aggressive
- mice and other animals aren’t similar to humans
- correlation studies just show comparison not direct evidence
what are hormones?
a chemical produced by the body that sends messages to organs of the body via the blood-stream
what is content analysis?
a research method used to measure the number of times a behaviour or event occurs within one of several types of media
what are strengths of content analysis?
- easy to gain access to the broadcast you want to study
- easy to build a representative sample
- highly reliable data
- easy to repeat
- applies across a range of media
- objective account
content analysis weaknesses
- researchers can select and record data accurately
- has to make choices about how to interpret some behaviours
- maybe time consuming
- only a “snapshot” of people’s lives
- describes rather than explains
what is the hypothalamus?
a small part of the brain located just below the thalamus
the busiest part of the brain
mainly concerned with homeostasis
what is the role of the hippocampus?
responsible for making short term memories into long term memories
what is the amygdala?
two almond-shaped masses of neurones on either side of the thalamus at the lower end of the hippocampus
when it is stimulated electrically animals respond with aggression but when it is removed animals are more tamed but also become in different to stimuli
what is the limb if system?
hypothalamus
hippocampus
amygdala
what are the strengths of limbic system as an explanation of aggression?
- animal studies offer evidence
- the case studies of Charles Whitman and the case described by King are evidence
what are the weaknesses of limbic system as an explanation of aggression?
- studying the human brain is difficult and could be risky
- animal are humans are different so research with animals may not be applicable to humans
- case studies are unreliable
- aggression could equally be explained by the way children copy the media
