Topic C (continued) and Topic D

Question 1

Reliability tests of this type involve performing 2 separate forms of the same test at the same time. Reliability is determined by the degree to which the sets of scores coincide.

Answer 1

Parallel forms

Question 2

_______ describe the amount of variance that occurs randomly. The lesser the variance, the greater it is and the greater the ______ of the results.

Answer 2

Precision

Reliability

Question 3

_____ and _____ tests are used in research protocol and involve screening for a particular condition. They are used to evaluate the cut-off value of a parameter to be used in a study.

Answer 3

Sensitivity and specificity

Question 4

Sensitivity evaluation in research is the proportion of:

Answer 4

Afflicted individuals who test positive

Question 5

Specificity evaluation in research is the proportion of:

Answer 5

Non-afflicted individuals who test negative

Question 6

While ______ variables are data with #s (such as # of clinical visits), _____ variables are data with underlying continuous scales (such as blood pressure).

Answer 6

Numerical discrete

Numerical continuous

Question 7

______ sampling evaluates if each segment of the population will be represented in the sample. To assure this, selection should be done via the process known as _______ so that characteristics of the sample group approximates the characteristics of the whole population.

Answer 7

Probability

Randomization

Question 8

______ sampling is done when there is NO way of forecasting that each element of the population will be represented in the sample. Such cases where this sampling is used include accident cases (such as take cases as they arrive on scene (ER)).

Answer 8

Non-probability sampling

Question 9

______ sampling is when units/subjects are purposely selected in the same ratio as they are found in the general population.

Answer 9

Quota

Question 10

______ ______ ______ (r) measures the degree to which the points in a scatter diagram cluster about a straight line.

Answer 10

Linear correlation coefficient

Question 11

These type of charts are arranged either horizontally or vertically in ascending or descending order.

Answer 11

Bar charts

Question 12

Block diagram in which the blocks are proportional in area to the frequency in each class or group and summarizes data from a process that has been collected overtime. The tallest block is the group with the highest frequency of a given parameter indicated on the x-axis.

Answer 12

Histogram

Question 13

Study in which neither the subject NOR the researcher know which group is receiving the Tx and which the placebo, completely removing bias from the research.

Answer 13

Double blind study

Question 14

The rate of death

Answer 14

Mortality

Question 15

The rate of incidence of disease

Answer 15

Morbidity

Question 16

What researchers observe in a study is known as the variable of _______.

Answer 16

Interest

Question 17

The group about which observations are made in a study is known as the ______ of interest.

Answer 17

Population

Question 18

_______ statistics summarizes and describes aspects of a set of data.

Answer 18

Descriptive

Question 19

______ statistics can be manipulated to prove that conclusions can extend beyond the immediate data set, such as the probability that the results can be applied to a larger group.

Answer 19

Inferential

Question 20

In statistics, _____ scores are made only when 2 events are possible (heads, tails) while _____ scores are measured on continuous scales.

Answer 20

Dichotomous

Continuous

Question 21

_______ is a scaled down version of a larger study/investigation. In such, you can practice implementation and determine whether the planned clinical trial is feasible and make necessary changes in an experimental design.

Answer 21

Pilot study

Question 22

_____ groups are small groups who talk about beliefs, opinions, attitudes, and problems, thus contributing subjective data useful in the analysis of a target group.

Answer 22

Focus

Question 23

______ concepts are philosophies about how an organization views its customers and the delivery of products or services.

Answer 23

Management

Question 24

The 4 marketing strategies for goods are:

Answer 24

Product, Price, Place, Promotion

Question 25

There are 4 qualities that describe rendered services:
1 – Services do no have any physical quality because they are _______.
2 – Services are produced and consumed at the same time, so they are ______ and ______.
3 – Services involve variation and lack of uniformity in the performance of people. This is known as _______.

Answer 25

1 – Intangible
2 – Inseparable and perishable
3 – Heterogenicity

Question 26

______ refers to the degree to which we achieve our objectives.

Answer 26

Effectiveness

Question 27

______ refers to the minimization of resources that we must expend in order to achieve the objectives.

Answer 27

Efficiency