Topic C

Question 1

Template strand

Answer 1

In DNA replication, the parental strand whose sequence is used to synthesize a complementary daughter strand

Question 2

Daughter strand

Answer 2

In DNA replication, the strand synthesized from a parental template strand

Question 3

Semi conservative replication

Answer 3

The mechanism of DNA replication in which each strand of a parental DNA duplex serves as a template for the synthesis of a new daughter strand

Question 4

Replication fork

Answer 4

The site where the parental DNA strand separate as the DNA duplex unwinds

Question 5

DNA grows in a

Answer 5

5’ 3’ direction

Question 6

DNA polymerization

Answer 6

occurs only in the 5’ 3’ direction

Question 7

DNA polymerase

Answer 7

An enzyme that is a critical component of a large protein complex that carries out DNA replication

Question 8

Leading strand

Answer 8

A daughter strand that has its 3’ end pointed toward the replication form, so as the parental double helix unwinds, this daughter strand can be synthesized as one long, continuous polymer

Question 9

Lagging strand

Answer 9

A daughter strand that has its 5’ end pointed towards the replication fork, so as the parental double helix unwinds, a new DNA piece is initiated at intervals, and each new piece is elongated at its 3’ end until it reaches the piece in front of it

Question 10

Okazaki fragments

Answer 10

In DNA replication any of the many short DNA pieces in the lagging strand

Question 11

RNA primase

Answer 11

An RNA polymerase that synthesizes a short piece of RNA complementary to the DNA template and does not require a primer

Question 12

DNA Ligase

Answer 12

An enzyme that uses the energy in ATP to close a nice in a DNA strand, jointing the 3’ hydroxyl of one end to the 5’ phosphate of the other end

Question 13

Topoisomerase II

Answer 13

An enzyme that breaks a DNA double helix, rotates the ends, and seals the break

Question 14

Helicase

Answer 14

A protein that unwinds the parental double helix at the replication fork

Question 15

Single stranded binding protein

Answer 15

A protein that binds single stranded nucleic acids

Question 16

Proofreading

Answer 16

The process in which DNA polymerase can immediately correct their own errors by excising and replacing a mismatched base

Question 17

Origin of replication

Answer 17

Any point on a DNA molecule at which DNA synthesis is initiated

Question 18

Replication bubble

Answer 18

A region formed by the opening of a DNA duplex at an origin of replication, which has a replication fork at each end.

Question 19

Telomeres

Answer 19

A repeating sequence at each end of a eukaryote chromosome

Question 20

Telomerase

Answer 20

An enzyme containing an RNA template from which complementary telomere repeats are synthesized

Question 21

Germ cells

Answer 21

The reproductive cells that produce Sperm or eggs and the cells that give rise to them

Question 22

Stem cell

Answer 22

An undifferentiated cell that can undergo an unlimited number of mitotic divisions and differentiate into any of a large number of specialized cell types

Question 23

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 23

A selective and highly sensitive method for making copies of a piece of DNA, which allows a targeted region of a DNA molecule to be replicated into as many copies as desired

Question 24

Oligonucleotide

Answer 24

A short (typically 20 to 30 nucleotides) single stranded molecule of known sequence produced by chemical synthesis, oligonucleotides are often used as primer sequences in the polymerase chain reaction

Question 25

Denaturation

Answer 25

The unfolding of proteins by chemical treatment or high temperature; the separation of paired, complementary strands of nucleus acid

Question 26

Annealing

Answer 26

The coming together of complementary strands of single stranded nucleic acids by base pairing

Question 27

Extension (PCR)

Answer 27

A step in the polymerase chain reaction for producing new DNA fragments in which the reaction mixture is heated to the optimal temperature for DNA polymerase and each primer is elongated by means of deoxynucleoside triphosphates