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Biology Paper 1 > Topic B3 & B4 > Flashcards

Topic B3 & B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What 3 things are new drugs tested for?

A

1) Toxicity - How Harmful Drug Is
2) Efficacy - Whether it works or not
3) Dosage - How much & How Often

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2
Q

Why are drugs tested?

A

To check if they’re safe and effective

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3
Q

What 2 types of testing of drugs are there?

A
  • Preclinical testing

- Clinical Trials

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4
Q

What is preclinical testing?

A
  • Test on human cells and tissues

- Tests on live animals

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5
Q

What are clinical trials?

A

Test on volunteers and ill patients to find an optimum dose for a drug.

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6
Q

What are placebos?

A

Substances that are like the drug being tested but don’t do anything

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7
Q

Photosynthesis definition

A

An endothermic reaction in which energy is transferred to chloroplasts from the environment by light.

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8
Q

Photosynthesis word equation

A

Carbon dioxide + water

light
——>

Glucose + oxygen

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9
Q

Photosynthesis chemical equation

A

6CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2.

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10
Q

What 4 factors can increase the rate of photosynthesis?

A

1) Light Intensity
2) Temperature
3) CO2 Concentration
4) Amount of Chlorophyll

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11
Q

What is limiting factor?

A

Things that stop a reaction from happening any faster

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12
Q

What is the inverse square law?

A

Doubling distance means light intensity is four times smaller

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13
Q

Inverse Square Law equation

A

1/d²

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14
Q

Why are greenhouses good for photosynthesis?

A

You can control limiting factors to maximise the rate of photosynthesis.

For example:

  • Ventilation
  • Shades
  • Lamps
  • Heaters
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15
Q

Respiration definition

A

The process of transferring energy from glucose.

It’s an Exothermic reaction that goes on continuously in living cells.

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16
Q

What 3 examples is there for energy transfer in the body?

A

1) Contract muscles for movement
2) To Keep Warm
3) To build larger molecules from smaller ones

17
Q

Aerobic respiration definition

A

Respiration using oxygen

It’s the most efficient type of respiration.

18
Q

Aerobic respiration word equation

A

Glucose + Oxygen

—>

Carbon dioxide + water

19
Q

Aerobic respiration chemical equation

A

C6H12O6 + 6O2 ——> 6CO2 + 6H2O

20
Q

Anaerobic Respiration definition

A

Respiration without oxygen

It transfers much less energy than aerobic respiration because glucose isn’t fully oxidised

21
Q

Metabolism definition

A

The sum of all reactions that happen in a cell in your body

Biology Paper 1 (3 decks)

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