Topic A2

Question 1

Conditions on early Earth

Answer 1

High temperature levels between 75-90 degrees

High presence of reducing gases such as Methane and Ammonia in earths atmosphere, as well as co2 and water vapour

lack of ozone layer

extreme weather conditions, volcanic erruptions, electrical storms

Earth was one large body of water

Question 2

Metabolism

Answer 2

chemical reactions that take place within the cell/s of an organism

Question 3

Homeostasis

Answer 3

Maintenance of internal conditions despite changes in external conditions

Question 4

Why is a spherical bilayer important

Answer 4

As it includes fatty acids which allow the cell to dictate the internal chemical conditions and make them different from external conditions

Question 5

Miler-Urey experiment

Answer 5

Test presenting the early Earth conditions, simulation of electrical storms, reducing gases, etc.

Proved that these conditions could synthesise organic monomers such as amino acids

Question 6

LUCA living conditions

Answer 6

Existed around 3 billion years ago

existed in mineral, hydrogen, sulfur rich hydrothermal vents, at high temperatures, encouraging the formation of more complex organic molecules

Autotrophic

Anaerobic, due to lack of oxygen on Earth at the time

single-celled, RNA genome

Question 7

Magnification formula

Answer 7

Magnification = Image size/ Actual size