Topic 9: Transcription+Translation

Question 1

Difference between ribose and deoxyribose

Answer 1

Ribose has an OH group on 2’ carbon

Question 1

RNA is synthesized in the

Answer 1

5’-3’ direction

Question 2

New nucleotides for RNA are added onto the —- of the growing strand

Answer 2

3’ OH

Question 3

RNA polymerase unwinds about — of DNA at a time

Answer 3

17bp

Question 4

DNA template strand is being read —–, RNA is made —–

Answer 4

• 3’-5’
• 5’-3’

Question 5

Exon

Answer 5

Included in the mature RNA, will be transcribed into protein

Question 6

Intron

Answer 6

Noncoding, not included in the mature RNA (spliced out)

Question 7

Transcription starts (2)

Answer 7

• end of promotor
• the +1 site

Question 8

Introns begins with —- and end with —

Answer 8

• GU
• AG

Question 9

Upstream is

Answer 9

towards the 5’ end

Question 10

Downstream is towards the

Answer 10

3’ end

Question 11

The template strand is also called the (2)

Answer 11

• antisense strand
• noncoding strand

Question 12

Non template strand is also called the

Answer 12

• sense strand
• coding strand

Question 13

Promotors are located —- of the coding region on the — strand

Answer 13

1. upstream
2. template

Question 14

unless told otherwise, given gene= — strand

Answer 14

sense strand

Question 15

mRNA looks exactly like the — strand but has — instead of T

Answer 15

• Sense strand
• U

Question 16

Amino group is the — end

Answer 16

N-terminal

Question 17

The carboxyl group is the —- end

Answer 17

c-terminal

Question 18

Components of an amino acid

Answer 18

1. amino group
2. R group
3. Carboxyl group

Question 19

mRNA codon helps buffer

Answer 19

transition SNPS

Question 20

tRNA molecule has an anticodon loop oriented

Answer 20

3’-5’

Question 21

Amino acid is attached to the —– end of the tRNA molecule

Answer 21

3’

Question 22

What attaches the amino acid to tRNA?

Answer 22

aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase

Question 23

Ribosome move along mRNA in the —— direction

Answer 23

5’-3’

Question 24

What catalyzes the formation of the peptide bond in amino acid chain?

Answer 24

Peptidyl-transferase center

Question 25

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Answer 25

in prokaryote mRNA, is recognized by rRNA in the ribosome small subunit so it bind.

Question 26

Kozak Sequence (2)

relative to start codon?

Answer 26

• in Eukaryotes and helps position the ribosome
• upstream of start codon

Question 27

Silent mutation+ its impact on potein (2)

Answer 27

• encodes the sae amino acid
• Fairly small impact on protein function

Question 28

Missense mutation conservative+ex

Answer 28

Encodes a chemically similar amino acid
- makes a different amino acid
- ex: both lys and arg are + charged amino acid-> fairly minor impact on overall protein function

Question 29

Missense mutation nonconservative+ex

Answer 29

• encodes a chemically different amino acid
• ex: thr is not charged, lys is charged

Question 30

i

Nonsense mutation

Answer 30

encodes a stop codon

Question 31

Insertions and deletions result in

Answer 31

frameshift mutations

Question 32

When might a silent mutation not be completely silent? (2)

Answer 32

• the mRNA sequence has changed: If the silent mutation is near the end of an exon, it can interfere with splicing
• alterations in mRNA structure or stability (ex:G instead of C cause mRNA to fold uo on itself and be less acessible to translation machinary)

Question 33

Wetern block

Answer 33

• used to detect a particular protein from a mixture of protein

Question 34

Steps for a western blot analysis

Answer 34

• extract protein from cells/tissue
• • Boil the sample and add detergent to allow seperation of protein based only on number of amino acids
• perform gel electrophoresis on a polyacrylamide gel
• Use probes/antibody to bind to the protein or primary antibody

Question 35

Silent mutation vs SNP

Answer 35

If this occured in an intron or non-coding region, we wouldn’t use silent mutation and would instead just call it a SNP