Topic 9-Rocks

Question 1

Minerals

Answer 1

Substances that make up rocks.

Question 2

Lithosphere

Answer 2

The rigid outer layer of the earth that involve the crust and mantle

Question 3

Magma

Answer 3

A very hot mixture of rocks and gases.

Question 4

Native elements

Answer 4

Elements found uncombined in the earths crust.

Question 5

Crystal

Answer 5

Shaped substances made up of atoms and molecules that are arranged in a highly ordered structure.

Question 6

Lustre

Answer 6

Appearance of an mineral caused by the way it reflects light.

Question 7

Streak

Answer 7

A mark left by a mineral when it is scraped hard across a hard surface.

Question 8

Hardness

Answer 8

The measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material .

Question 9

Sediments

Answer 9

Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

Question 10

Ingenious rocks

Answer 10

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava and magna

Question 11

Extrusive rocks

Answer 11

Igneous rocks formed when lava cools above the earths surface

Question 12

Pumice

Answer 12

Pale rocks that form when frothy lava cools in the air

Question 13

Scoria

Answer 13

A dark igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly.

Question 14

Abrasive

Answer 14

A material or substance that easily scratches another

Question 15

Basalt

Answer 15

Dark igneous rock with small crystals formed by the fast cooling of lava

Question 16

Obsidian

Answer 16

A smooth black rock that looks like glass and is formed when lava cools almost instantly

Question 17

Intrusive rocks

Answer 17

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface

Question 18

Batholiths

Answer 18

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

Question 19

Granite

Answer 19

Hard, igneous rock with different coloured crystals. It forms slowly below the earths surface

Question 20

Sedimentary rocks

Answer 20

Rocks that are formed from the particles of sediments.

Question 21

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 21

A rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure.

Question 22

Erosion

Answer 22

The wearing away of soil and rock by natural elements such as wind, waves, Rivers, ice and by human activity.

Question 23

Floodplains

Answer 23

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

Question 24

Glaciers

Answer 24

Large Bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them.

Question 25

Moraines

Answer 25

Deposit left by movement of a glacier.

Question 26

Sandstone

Answer 26

A sedimentary rock with medium sized grains.

Question 27

Mudstone

Answer 27

A fine - grained, sedimentary rock without layering

Question 28

Shale

Answer 28

A fine - grained sedimentary rock formed from mud and clay which can be split easily.

Question 29

Siltstone

Answer 29

A sedimentary rock with a partial size of that of sandstone and mudstone.

Question 30

Conglomerate

Answer 30

A sedimentary rock containing large practicals of various sizes cemented together

Question 31

Limestone

Answer 31

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

Question 32

Coal

Answer 32

A sedimentary rock formed from plants and animals

Question 33

Rock salt

Answer 33

A sedimentary rock formed when a salt lake or seabed dries up. It's main chemical is sodium chloride.

Question 34

Metamorphism

Answer 34

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat. (Or both)

Question 35

Slate

Answer 35

A fine - grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

Question 36

Gneiss

Answer 36

A metaphoric rock formed mainly as a result on granite

Question 37

Mineral Ores

Answer 37

A type of rock that is mined to collect the minerals inside of it.

Question 38

Mining

Answer 38

Extraction of natural resources from earth

Question 39

Environmental impact statement

Answer 39

Study of the possible effects of a planed project on the environment

Question 40

Rehabilitated

Answer 40

Restored to its previous condition

Question 41

Overburden

Answer 41

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. The rock is replaced when the area is restored

Question 42

Open-cut mining

Answer 42

Mining that takes place on the surface of land

Question 43

Underground mining

Answer 43

Mining that takes place deep below the earths surface

Question 44

Stone Age

Answer 44

The time begging over two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

Question 45

Alloy

Answer 45

A mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

Question 46

Flint

Answer 46

A fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

Question 47

Percussion flaking

Answer 47

A process in which tool stones were struck with harder stones to shed large flakes that could be used to make small tools

Question 48

Fossil

Answer 48

Any remains or trace of an animal or plant. Evidence of life in the past.

Question 49

Palaeontologists

Answer 49

A scientist who study's fossils

Question 50

Folding

Answer 50

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when are under pressure from both sides.

Question 51

Relative age

Answer 51

The age of a rock compared with another rock.

Question 52

Mould

Answer 52

A type of fungi

Question 53

Trace fossils

Answer 53

Fossils that provide evidence such as footprints that an organism was present when the rock was formed

Question 54

Extinct

Answer 54

A volcano that has not erupted in recorded history

Question 55

Carnivores

Answer 55

Animals that eat over animals

Question 56

Scavengers

Answer 56

Animals that eat dead plant or animal material