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Science Year 8 > Topic 9-Rocks > Flashcards

Topic 9-Rocks Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Minerals

A

Substances that make up rocks.

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The rigid outer layer of the earth that involve the crust and mantle

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3
Q

Magma

A

A very hot mixture of rocks and gases.

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4
Q

Native elements

A

Elements found uncombined in the earths crust.

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5
Q

Crystal

A

Shaped substances made up of atoms and molecules that are arranged in a highly ordered structure.

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6
Q

Lustre

A

Appearance of an mineral caused by the way it reflects light.

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7
Q

Streak

A

A mark left by a mineral when it is scraped hard across a hard surface.

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8
Q

Hardness

A

The measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material .

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9
Q

Sediments

A

Matter that settles to the bottom of a liquid

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10
Q

Ingenious rocks

A

Rocks that form from the cooling of lava and magna

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11
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Igneous rocks formed when lava cools above the earths surface

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12
Q

Pumice

A

Pale rocks that form when frothy lava cools in the air

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13
Q

Scoria

A

A dark igneous rock formed from gassy lava that cools quickly.

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14
Q

Abrasive

A

A material or substance that easily scratches another

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15
Q

Basalt

A

Dark igneous rock with small crystals formed by the fast cooling of lava

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16
Q

Obsidian

A

A smooth black rock that looks like glass and is formed when lava cools almost instantly

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17
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

Igneous rock that forms when magma cools below the earths surface

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18
Q

Batholiths

A

Intrusive rock mass that measures more than 100 kilometres across

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19
Q

Granite

A

Hard, igneous rock with different coloured crystals. It forms slowly below the earths surface

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20
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks that are formed from the particles of sediments.

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21
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

A rock formed from another rock that has been under great heat or pressure.

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22
Q

Erosion

A

The wearing away of soil and rock by natural elements such as wind, waves, Rivers, ice and by human activity.

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23
Q

Floodplains

A

Flat, open land beside a river where sediments are deposited during floods

24
Q

Glaciers

A

Large Bodies of ice that move down slopes and push boulders, rocks and gravel in front of them.

25
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by movement of a glacier.

26
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium sized grains.

27
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine - grained, sedimentary rock without layering

28
Q

Shale

A

A fine - grained sedimentary rock formed from mud and clay which can be split easily.

29
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a partial size of that of sandstone and mudstone.

30
Q

Conglomerate

A

A sedimentary rock containing large practicals of various sizes cemented together

31
Q

Limestone

A

A sedimentary rock formed from the remains of sea organisms

32
Q

Coal

A

A sedimentary rock formed from plants and animals

33
Q

Rock salt

A

A sedimentary rock formed when a salt lake or seabed dries up. It’s main chemical is sodium chloride.

34
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat. (Or both)

35
Q

Slate

A

A fine - grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

36
Q

Gneiss

A

A metaphoric rock formed mainly as a result on granite

37
Q

Mineral Ores

A

A type of rock that is mined to collect the minerals inside of it.

38
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from earth

39
Q

Environmental impact statement

A

Study of the possible effects of a planed project on the environment

40
Q

Rehabilitated

A

Restored to its previous condition

41
Q

Overburden

A

Waste rock removed from below the topsoil. The rock is replaced when the area is restored

42
Q

Open-cut mining

A

Mining that takes place on the surface of land

43
Q

Underground mining

A

Mining that takes place deep below the earths surface

44
Q

Stone Age

A

The time begging over two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

45
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of a metal with a non-metal or another metal

46
Q

Flint

A

A fine-grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken

47
Q

Percussion flaking

A

A process in which tool stones were struck with harder stones to shed large flakes that could be used to make small tools

48
Q

Fossil

A

Any remains or trace of an animal or plant. Evidence of life in the past.

49
Q

Palaeontologists

A

A scientist who study’s fossils

50
Q

Folding

A

The buckling of rocks. It is caused when are under pressure from both sides.

51
Q

Relative age

A

The age of a rock compared with another rock.

52
Q

Mould

A

A type of fungi

53
Q

Trace fossils

A

Fossils that provide evidence such as footprints that an organism was present when the rock was formed

54
Q

Extinct

A

A volcano that has not erupted in recorded history

55
Q

Carnivores

A

Animals that eat over animals

56
Q

Scavengers

A

Animals that eat dead plant or animal material

Science Year 8 (5 decks)

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