Topic-10 Energy Flashcards
Energy
Describes anything “that can do work”
Law of conservation of energy
Energy cannot be created or destroyed. Only transferred
Gravitational
Potential energy of an object elevated above the ground
Elastic
Energy stored by an elastic object that is stretched, such as a spring or rubber band
Chemical
Energy stored in chemicals that, when reacted together such as in burning reactions, release heat, sound or light.
Nuclear
Energy stored in the nucleus of atoms that can release energy slowly, such as In a nuclear reactor, or quickly, such as in a nuclear explosion.
Electrical
Energy supplied to homes by powerlines and available to your appliances via power outlets in the home.
Kinetic
Energy possessed by objects that are moving
Heat
Energy that causes objects to gain temperature
Light
Energy that may be released, for example, when an object is hot or by a nuclear reaction in a star.
Sound
Energy carried by the air in a room and detected by the ear.
Efficiency
The fraction of energy supplied to a device as useful energy it is usually expressed as a percentage.
Conduction
Transfer of heat through collision between particals
Insulator
A material that is a poor conductor heat
Convection
Transfer of heat through the flow of particles
Radiation
A method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one to another
Radiant heat
Heat transferred br radiation, as from the sun to the earth
Reflected
Bounced off
Transmitted
Passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air
Deciduous
Describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter
Luminous
Releasing its own light
Incandescent
Describes objects that emit light when they are hot
Bioluminescent
Describes living things that release light energy
Non-luminous
Describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light
Scattered
Describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance
Visible spectrum
Different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows
Dispersion
Separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism.
Electromagnetic radiation
The radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, x-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields
Electromagnetic spectrum
Complete range of wavelengths radiated as electric and magnetic fields
Radio waves
Low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light
Infra-red radiation
Invisible radiation emitted by all warm objects. You feel infra-red radiation as heat
Ultraviolet radiation
Invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy
X-ray
an electromagnetic wave of high energy and very short wavelength, which is able to pass through many materials non transparent to light
Gamma rays
High energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reactions
Rays
Narrow beams of light
Convex
Refers to a lens that is curved outwards
Focal point
The point where light rays ‘close in’ (converge towards a point
