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Year 8 Science > Topic 9 Rocks > Flashcards

Topic 9 Rocks Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Minerals

A

A natural substance that makes up rocks

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2
Q

Lithosphere

A

The outermost layer of the earth

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3
Q

Magma

A

A hot mixture of molten rock and gases below the earths surface or crust

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4
Q

Sediments

A

Material broken down by weathering and erosion

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5
Q

Native

A

Elements found uncombined in earths crust

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6
Q

Elements

A

Elements found naturally that is uncombined in earths crust

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7
Q

Crystals

A

Geometrically shaped substances made up of atoms and molecules

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8
Q

Lustre

A

Appearance of a mineral caused by the way it reflects light

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9
Q

Streak

A

Colour of a mineral as a fine powder

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10
Q

Hardness

A

A measure of how difficult it is to scratch the surface of a solid material

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11
Q

Igneous rocks

A

Rock that are form by Cooling of lava or magma as it is thrown through the air

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12
Q

Extrusive rocks

A

Igneous rock that form when lava cools above surface

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13
Q

Pumice

A

Pale rock that forms when frothy (air) lava cools in the air, only rock that can float

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14
Q

Scoria

A

Dark igneous rock that is formed by gassy lava

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15
Q

Abrasive

A

A property that easily scratches another

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16
Q

Basalt

A

A dark igneous rock with small crystals formed by fast cooling of hot lava

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17
Q

Obsidian

A

A black glassy rock that breaks into pieces with a smooth shell like surfaces

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18
Q

Intrusive rocks

A

Igneous rocks that forms when magma cools below earths surface

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19
Q

Batholiths

A

Instructive rock that measures more than 100 kilometres across

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20
Q

Granite

A

Hard crystal rock with different coloured crystals large enough to see

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21
Q

Sedimentary rocks

A

Rocks that are sedimented together in layers, under pressure.

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22
Q

Metamorphic rocks

A

Rock that is formed by another rock that has been under great heat pressure.

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23
Q

Erosion

A

The weathering away and removal of soil and rock by natural elements, such as wind, waves, rivers, ice and human activity

24
Q

Floodplains

A

Flood open land that is beside a river were sediments are deposited during a flood.

25
Q

Glaciers

A

Large bodies of ice that moves down slopes and pushes rocks and gravel in front of them

26
Q

Moraines

A

Deposit left by the movement of a glacier

27
Q

Sandstone

A

A sedimentary rock with medium sized grains, the grains are cemented together by Silica lime or other salts

28
Q

Mudstone

A

A fine grained sedimentary rock without layering

29
Q

Shale

A

A fined grained sedimentary rock formed in layers by making the clay stronger

30
Q

Siltstone

A

A sedimentary rock with a particle size between a sandstone and a mudstone

31
Q

Conglomerate

A

Sedimentary rock found with large particles with various sizes cemented together

32
Q

Coal

A

Sedimentary rocks formed by dead plants and animals that were

33
Q

Rock salt

A

Sedimentary deposit formed when a salt lake or seabed dried up

34
Q

Metamorphism

A

The process that changes rocks by extreme pressure or heat

35
Q

Slate

A

A fined grained metamorphic rock formed as a result of moderate heat and pressure on shale

36
Q

Gneiss

A

A coarse grained metamorphic rock formed Mainly as a results of great pressure on granite

37
Q

Mineral ores

A

Rocks mined to obtain a metal or other chemicals within them.

38
Q

Mining

A

Extraction of natural resources from the earth

39
Q

Environmental impact statement

A

Study of possible effects planned projects on the environment

40
Q

Rehabilitate

A

Restored to it previous condition

41
Q

Overburden

A

Waste rock removed below the topsoil, then the rock is replaced when the area is restored .

42
Q

Open cut mining

A

Mining the scours out soil and rocks on the surface on the land

43
Q

Underground mining

A

Mining that uses the shafts and tunnels to remove rock from deep below the surface

44
Q

Stone Age

A

The time beginning about two million years ago during which early humans made implements of stone

45
Q

Alloy

A

A mixture of metal with a non metal or another metal

46
Q

Flint

A

A fined grained sedimentary rock which leaves a very sharp edge when broken.

47
Q

Percussion flaking

A

A process to which tool stones such a flint and obsidian were struck with harder stones such as quartzite to make small tools

48
Q

Fossils

A

Any remains or trace of an animal or plant of a former geological age.

49
Q

Palaeontologisits

A

A scientist who studies fossils

50
Q

Folding

A

The bulking of rocks this is caused when a rock is under pressure from both sides.

51
Q

Relative age

A

The age of a rock compared with another rocks age.

52
Q

Mould

A

A rock that shows the hard parts of an organism or fungi found on the surface of foods.

53
Q

Trace fossils

A

Fossils that provide evidence such as foot prints that a organism was present when the rock was found

54
Q

Extinct

A

Describes volcanoes that are no longer active

55
Q

Ectothermic

A

Describes an animals who’s body temperature is determined by it environment.

56
Q

Endothermic

A

Describes an animal that requires heat input to maintain its body temperature.

Year 8 Science (9 decks)

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