(Topic 9) Power - Chapter 8

Question 1

what is Social power

Answer 1

the capacity/ability to influence others

Question 2

what is the Jim Jones Power Over Group Members examples

Answer 2

Jonestown – The People’s Temple led by Jim
Jones

§ Moved his congregation from California to Guyana – though this would be paradise, free from nuclear attacks

§ Once in Jonestown, Jones used his power extensively to control his followers – punishment, drug abuse

§ Jonestown was investigated by U.S. authorities - over 900 people drank cyanide laced Kool Aid in mass suicide

Question 3

what are the positive effects of power

Answer 3

proactive, engaged
positive, strong emotions
goal focused

Question 4

Milgram’s “Obedience to Authority” Study

Answer 4

Stanley Milgram researched the effect of authority on obedience.

wanted to see if there was a certain personality that would be more willing to comply with orders from an authority.

Question 5

Milgrim study – people who adhered to conventional values, paired with an uncritical acceptance of authority were more likely to give _________________

Answer 5

more intense shocks

Question 6

Burger study – people who ________________

Answer 6

disobey had higher levels of empathy and moral maturity

Question 7

Milgram’s “Obedience to Authority” Study specifically looks at

Answer 7

looked at how cooperative people are willing to be when responding to the request of an authority

Question 8

who was on trial and under what defense was he using during the time milgram designed this study

Answer 8

nazi, defense that he was just obeying orders

Question 9

how were the participants of milgrams study recruited

Answer 9

recruited participants by a newspaper ad asking for people willing to participate in an experiment on learning.

Question 10

what did the participants of the milgram study do

Answer 10

were told that they were to participate in an experiment examining the effect of punishment on learning. One of them would serve as the “teacher” and the other as the “learner.”

confederate was always assigned to be “learner” and the subject always assigned to be the “teacher.”

subject who was to serve as teacher was to read a list of paired words (e.g., boy— automobile; house—dolphin; peace— ketchup). The learner was to try to memorize this list.

Question 11

how would the learner and teacher communicate during the milgram study

Answer 11

in different rooms by telecom

Question 12

what happened whenever the learner got and answer wrong

Answer 12

The teacher was told that he was to flip a switch to deliver a shock to the learner

with each wrong answer, he should progress to the next highest voltage level.

Question 13

how did the experimenter persuade the teacher to continue even when they didn’t want to

Answer 13

They experimenter said things like (4 prods) : “please continue,” “the experiment requires that you continue,” “It is absolutely essential that you continue,” and eventually “You have no other choice, you must go on.

Question 14

how many subjects complied to the experiment till the end

Answer 14

65%
26/40 participants

Question 15

what did Milgrim study conclude

Answer 15

people who adhered to conventional values, paired with an uncritical acceptance of authority were more likely to give more intense shocks

He concluded people obey either out of fear or out of a desire to appear cooperative–even when acting against their own better judgment and desires.

Question 16

what was the Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison Study

Answer 16

studied social roles in an experiment now known as the Stanford prison study.

Participants were RANDOMLY assigned (by a coin flip) to be guards & others to be prisoners – no personality effects

Question 17

how long was the Philip Zimbardo study originally planned for

Answer 17

for several weeks

Question 18

why was the Philip Zimbardo study discontinued

Answer 18

discontinued after 6 days because of concerns re: how the subjects were responding.

because he was talking with the woman he was dating & telling her about the experiment & she told him it had gotten out of hand.

Without her reaction, he said he may not have realized that that was the case because he was so caught up in his role as “warden

Question 19

what is the Lucifer Effect

Answer 19

the transformation of gentle individuals into morally corrupt individuals because of powerful social situations

Question 20

Superior-subordinate relations refer to…

Answer 20

the hierarchical positioning of individuals within an organizational structure.

In a superior-subordinate relationship, one individual, the superior, has authority over the other individual, the subordinate.

Question 21

what is the The Fundamental Attribution Error (FAE)

Answer 21

refers to the tendency for people to overestimate the importance of individual characteristics and underestimate the importance of situational factors in explaining the behavior of others.

Question 22

what is the French & Raven’s Power Bases Theory

Answer 22

explains the sources of power and influence in interpersonal relationships.

The theory proposes that there are five different types of power, each of which derives from a different source or basis

Question 23

what are the five different types of power in French and Raven’s power bases theory

Answer 23

Coercive power
Reward power
Legitimate power
Expert power
Referent power:

Question 24

what is Coercive power

Answer 24

This type of power comes from the ability to punish or inflict harm on others. It is often used in situations where one person has the ability to physically or emotionally harm another person, and is often associated with fear and intimidation.

Question 25

what is Reward power

Answer 25

This type of power comes from the ability to offer rewards or incentives to others. It is often used in situations where one person has the ability to provide something that the other person desires, and is often associated with positive reinforcement and motivation.

Question 26

what is Legitimate power

Answer 26

This type of power comes from the belief that a person has the right or authority to make decisions or give orders. It is often associated with formal positions of power, such as a manager or leader, and is often associated with respect and obedience.

Question 27

what is Expert power

Answer 27

his type of power comes from the belief that a person has a high level of knowledge or expertise in a particular subject or field. It is often associated with people who are seen as experts or authorities in their field, and is often associated with admiration and trust.

Question 28

what is Referent power

Answer 28

his type of power comes from the ability to create a strong emotional connection with others. It is often associated with people who are likable, charming, or popular, and is often associated with admiration and loyalty.

Question 29

what are the two types of power in Personal Power

Answer 29

Referent:
Expert:

Question 30

what are the 4 types of power in positional power

Answer 30

Informational, Legitimate, Coercive, Reward

Question 31

what are Power tactics

Answer 31

strategies or techniques that individuals use to exert power and influence over others.

Question 32

what are direct power tactics

Answer 32

Direct power tactics are strategies that involve a direct and explicit attempt to exert power and control over others.

These tactics often involve the use of force, threats, or other forms of coercion to convince others to comply with one’s wishes.

Examples of direct power tactics include physical violence, verbal abuse, or threats of punishment.

Question 33

what are indirect power tactics

Answer 33

strategies that involve a more subtle and indirect approach to exerting power and influence.

These tactics often involve the use of persuasion, manipulation, or other forms of influence to convince others to see things from one’s perspective and to take action in accordance with one’s desires.

Examples of indirect power tactics include using flattery or charm to win someone over, using emotional appeals to manipulate someone’s feelings, or using logical arguments to convince someone to adopt a particular course of action.

Question 34

what is Rational power tactic

Answer 34

strategy or technique that individuals use to exert power and influence over others by using logical arguments and evidence to persuade others

often used in situations where an individual wants to convince others to adopt a particular course of action, but does not have the ability to force or coerce them into complying.

Instead, the individual uses logical arguments, evidence, and other forms of rational persuasion to convince others to see the merits of their position and to take action accordingly.

Question 35

what is nonrational power tactic

Answer 35

strategy or technique that individuals use to exert power and influence over others by appealing to their emotions, desires, or other non-rational factors.

his can involve using tactics such as flattery, charm, or manipulation to convince others to see things from one’s perspective and to take action in accordance with one’s desires.

Question 36

what is Unilateral power tactic

Answer 36

strategies or techniques that individuals use to exert power and influence over others by using their own individual power and authority to make decisions or take actions without consulting or seeking the approval of others.

enacted without cooperation

Question 37

what is Bilateral power tactic

Answer 37

strategies or techniques that individuals use to exert power and influence over others by engaging in a process of negotiation, compromise, or mutual agreement.

involve seeking the input, approval, or consent of others in order to reach a decision or take an action that is acceptable to all parties involved.

Question 38

what is the Foot-in-the-door Technique

Answer 38

persuasive tactic that involves getting someone to agree to a small request in order to increase the likelihood that they will agree to a larger request later.

Question 39

what is the Foot-in-the-face Technique

Answer 39

big request followed by smaller ones

persuasive tactic that involves making a large or unreasonable request in order to increase the likelihood that the person will agree to a smaller, more reasonable request later.

Question 40

what are Kelman’s Three-Stage Model of Conversion

Answer 40

Compliance 1
Identification 2
Internalization 3

Question 41

what is the first stage of Kelman’s Three-Stage Model of Conversion

Answer 41

Compliance: group members comply with the powerholder’s demands, but they do not personally agree with them

Question 42

what is the second stage of Kelman’s Three-Stage Model of Conversion

Answer 42

identification: group members are motivated to please the authority

Question 43

what is the third stage of Kelman’s Three-Stage Model of Conversion

Answer 43

group member follow the orders of the powerholder b/c the orders are congruent with personal beliefs

Question 44

what is the Approach-inhibition model of power

Answer 44

explains how power affects an individual’s behavior.

This model proposes that individuals who have power are more likely to approach or engage with a situation, while individuals who lack power are more likely to inhibit or avoid the situation.

Question 45

what is Power motivation

Answer 45

the need for power –
more vigorously than others

Question 46

what is Social dominance orientation (SDO)

Answer 46

reflects an individual’s desire for social hierarchy and the belief that some social groups are inherently superior to others.

Individuals who have a high social dominance orientation tend to endorse hierarchical, authoritarian, and elitist beliefs, and may be more likely to support policies or practices that maintain social inequality.

Question 47

what is the Mandate Phenomenon

Answer 47

a tendency for leaders to overstep the bounds of their authority when they feel they have support from the group

Question 48

what is Michel’s iron law of oligarchy

Answer 48

any group where power is concentrated with few powerholders doing whatever possible protect and enhance their power

Question 49

what are Revolutionary coalitions

Answer 49

a subgroup formed within the larger group that seeks to disrupt the group’s authority structure.

Question 50

what is Reactance

Answer 50

a reaction that occurs when individuals feel their freedom to make choices has been threatened.

Question 51

what are the 3 resistance to influence

Answer 51

Revolutionary coalitions
Reactance
Conflict and rebellion

Question 52

what is Machiavellianism

Answer 52

use of manipulative tactics for own self-interest and lack respect for others

Question 53

what is Narcissism

Answer 53

inflated views of self/self worth, exaggerate achievements, attention from others

Question 54

what is Psychopathy

Answer 54

characterized by a lack of empathy, guilt, or remorse, and by impulsive and reckless behavior.

Psychopathic individuals are often superficially charming and manipulative, and may be skilled at manipulating others and getting what they want.

However, they may also engage in criminal or antisocial behavior, and may have difficulty forming and maintaining relationships.

Question 55

Psychopathy is a subcategory of

Answer 55

Antisocial Personality Disorder

Question 56

what is the Business Scan (Hare & Babiak)

Answer 56

tool used to assess the level of psychopathy in an organization.

It is a self-report questionnaire that aims to identify the presence of psychopathic traits among employees and evaluate the potential impact of these traits on the organization.

Question 57

what are the Characteristics assessed in Business Scan

Answer 57

Personal Style (how an individual sees himself or herself and his or her attitude toward others)

Emotional Style (understanding of one’s own feelings and emotions, those of others, and the way in which the one uses that understanding in the business environment)

Organizational Effectiveness (what it takes to be a contributing member of an organization)

Social Responsibility (how effectively an individual interacts with others).