Topic 9 - Plant Growth, Development, And Structure

Question 0

Collenchyma

Answer 0

Structural cells that have primary cells walls with some secondary thickening. Usually found in areas of new growth to structurally support development.

Question 1

Apical Meristem

Answer 1

Enables primary growth at the ends of roots and shoots.

Question 2

Companion Cell

Answer 2

Cells that support phloem tissue like Sieve-tube members by providing essential proteins and ATP.

Question 3

Cork

Answer 3

Developed from the cork cambium to replace the epidermis. Contain the waxy substance suberin, and then die.

Question 4

Cork cambium.

Answer 4

Gives rise to cork cells through secondary growth.

Question 5

Epidermis

Answer 5

The single layer of protective cells found on non-woody plants.

Question 6

Cortex.

Answer 6

The region bounded by the endodermis and the epidermis.

Question 7

Cuticle.

Answer 7

A waxy like layer found on the epidermis of plants that prevents water loss through evaporation.

Question 8

Endodermis

Answer 8

The central innermost layer of the cortex found in some land plants.

Question 9

Ground tissue.

Answer 9

Plant tissues that function as storage, metabolism, and regeneration.

Question 10

Cells that flank the stomata and adjust the stomata aperture proportional to the turgor pressure.

Answer 10

Guard cells.

Question 11

Indeterminate Growth.

Answer 11

Growth that does not become terminated when it reaches a predetermined stage of formation.

Question 12

The stem segments between nodes.

Answer 12

Internodes.

Question 13

Leaf Primordium

Answer 13

Projection like shapes that emerge along the sides of the apical meristem.

Question 14

Lignan

Answer 14

A strong polymer embedded in the cellulose matrix of the secondary cell walls of vascular plants that provides structural support in terrestrial species.

Question 15

Mesophyl

Answer 15

Cells that are central and adapted to photosynthesis.

Question 16

Plant node.

Answer 16

Point along the stem where plant leaves are attached.

Question 17

Contains thick lignified walls that support mature, non-growing parts of a plant.

Answer 17

Sclerenchyma Cells

Question 18

Relatively in unspecialized cells and thin walled cells that retain the ability to divide, they perform most of the metabolic functions of synthesis and storage.

Answer 18

Parenchyma Cells

Question 19

What are the three primary organs found in vascular plants?

Answer 19

Stems, leaves, roots.

Question 20

What are the three tissues found in vascular plants?

Answer 20

Ground, vascular, dermal.

Question 21

What are the three primary types of cells found in vascular plants?

Answer 21

Collenchyma, paranchyma, and sclerenchyma.

Question 22

A cylindrical single layer of cells that is found on the inside of the endodermis in the root of a plant. This structure may become meristematic and is responsible for lateral growth.

Answer 22

Pericycle

Question 23

A layer of one cell thickness that resides on the interior of the cork cambium.

Answer 23

Phelloderm

Question 24

Vascular tissue responsible for transport of photosynthetic products.

Answer 24

Phloem

Question 25

Sieve Plates

Answer 25

Disc like structures found at the end of sieve tube elements. Provide structural support and contain pores that allow nutrients to pass through the sieve tube.

Question 26

Sieve Tube Elements

Answer 26

Specialized tube like cells that are found in phloem and are responsible for the transport of carbohydrates from the shoots to the roots. These cells are devoid of organelles and therefore must receive nutrients from companion cells to live.

Question 27

The vascular tissue of a stem or a root.

Answer 27

Stele.

Question 28

Long tapered cell water conducting cell found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants.

Answer 28

Tracheid.

Question 29

Vascular tissue.

Answer 29

Phloem and xylem.

Question 30

Vascular cambium

Answer 30

Cylindrical meristematic tissue and site of secondary growth of the xylem and phloem.

Question 31

Radial band of parenchyma cells that extend from the secondary xylem into the secondary phloem. Used to deliver nutrients radially and to support regeneration of damaged tissue.

Answer 31

Vascular Rays.

Question 32

Short and wide water conducting elements found in the xylem of most angiosperms and some nonflowering vascular plants

Answer 32

Vessel elements.

Question 33

Vascular tissue that is responsible for transportation of water and minerals into the shoots of plants. This structure can only transport mass in one direction.

Answer 33

Xylem