Topic 9 - Investigative Geneology Flashcards
what is the current profiling technique in place
DNA 17 = a type of STR profiling
what are the 5 stages if STR profiling
extraction
quantification
amplification
separation and detection
interpretation
what are mini-satellites
highly variable sequences in our DNA also called STRs or VNTR (variable number tandem repeats)
non coding regions
what are 4 uses of the National DNA Database (NDNAD) in forensic investigation
familial searching
profile matching
forensic investigative genealogy
rare allele mapping
give some suggestions as to why there might be no match to the NDNAD (7)
moved abroad
in prison
mental health act
may not offended before
crime not been reported
died
never been caught
what is forensic investigative geneaogy
the use of DNA databases and analysis techniques to identify unknown individuals through things like familial searching
what type types of DNA profiling are useful when conducting a familial search
mitochondrial and Y STR profiling
as mitochondrial is same for female relatives and Y STR is same for male
how is a familial search performed
use 2 different types of computer programmes to find
1. parents or children of the offender
2. siblings
what principle is familial searching based on
that we inherit half our DNA from mum and half from dad
therefore we are likely to share alleles with siblings, and parents more than people they are unrelated to
how is a likelihood ratio calculated in familial searching
based on which alleles and how many the individual shares with the offender and how rare these are in the general population
the higher the number the more likely they are to be related
when conducting a familial search give 3 things we prioritise when selecting who many be useful
ethnic appearance
age (siblings must be no more or less than 20 years apart, parent child is 15)
location of their residence
in the US what have genetics and genealogy been combined to identify
high profile serial rapists and murderers
what is used to calculate the genetic similarity between two individuals
the pattern and number of single nucleotide polymorphisms
when does DNA degrade quickly
when exposed to heat, light, water or air
storage is important
what is the role of a genetic genealogist
to build family trees by applying techniques to database information
