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Chemistry > Topic 9 - Crude Oil > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Crude Oil Flashcards

1
Q

Crude Oil - Finite or Renewable

A

Finite Resource

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2
Q

Where is crude oil found

A

In the earths crust

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3
Q

What is crude oil made of

A

Different hydrocarbons
Can’t be used until they are separated

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4
Q

What is a hydrocarbon

A

A compound made of hydrogen and carbon

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5
Q

How are the different hydrocarbons separated

A

Distillation

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6
Q

What is an alkane

A

Saturated hydrocarbon

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7
Q

What does saturated mean

A

All carbon atoms are bonded to 4 hydrogens
All single bonds
No more hydrogens can be added

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8
Q

Methane
Ethane
Propane
Butane
Pentane

A

CH4
C2H6
C3H8
C4H10
C5H12

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9
Q

Formula for alkane molecule

A

CnH(2n+2)

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10
Q

Properties of short chain hydrocarbons

A

Lower boiling point
Higher volatility (the tendency to turn to a gas)
Lower viscosity (how easily it flows)
Higher flammability
Less smokey

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11
Q

Properties of long chain hydrocarbons

A

Higher boiling point
Lower volatility (the tendency to turn to gas)
Higher viscosity (less flowy)
Lower flammability
More smokey

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12
Q

Distillation of hydrocarbons

A

Crude oil fed into fractioning column at 400-500°c
Hotter at bottom
Hydrocarbons condense at temperature matching there bp

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13
Q

Boiling point of small and large hydrocarbons

A

Small hydrocarbons have a lower boiling point (less intermolecular forces to break)

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14
Q

What is complete combustion

A

When the hydrogen and carbon are completely oxidised

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15
Q

Formula for complete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

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16
Q

Products of complete combustion

A

Carbon dioxide + water

17
Q

What is incomplete combustion

A

When there is not enough oxygen for complete oxidisation so carbon monoxide is made

18
Q

Formula for incomplete combustion

A

Hydrocarbon + oxygen -> carbon monoxide + water

19
Q

Products of incomplete combustion

A

Carbon monoxide + water

20
Q

Why crack hydrocarbons

A

The hydrocarbons high in the fractioning column are low in demand
Low viscosity, low boiling point, difficult to vaporise, difficult to burn
Bad fuels

21
Q

What is cracking

A

Splitting large, unhelpful hydrocarbons into smaller, useful ones

22
Q

What do you need in order to crack hydrocarbons

A

Catalyst
Steam
Heated to a high temperature

23
Q

What process is cracking

A

Thermal decomposition

24
Q

What products are produced through cracking

A

Alkane and an alkene

25
Q

What is an alkene

A

Unsaturated compound containing at least one double bond between the carbon atoms

26
Q

Properties of alkenes

A

Burn in air
Reacts with bromine water

27
Q

How to test for an alkene

A

Turns orange bromine water colourless

Chemistry (6 decks)

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