C1

Question 1

What is an atom

Answer 1

Single particle
Everything made of them

Question 2

What is an element

Answer 2

Substance made of one type of atom

Question 3

What is a compound

Answer 3

Substance made of different types of atoms chemically bonded together

Question 4

What goes on the left of a chemical equation

Answer 4

Reactants

Question 5

What goes on the right of a chemical equation

Answer 5

Products

Question 6

What is a balanced chemical equation

Answer 6

Same amount of each atom on both sides

Question 7

Law of conservation of mass

Answer 7

Total mass of products equals total mass of reactants

Question 8

Aqueous solution

Answer 8

Substance dissolved in water

Question 9

Filtration

Answer 9

Used to separate insoluble substance from a solvent
Filter paper, funnel, beaker

Question 10

Crystallisation

Answer 10

Separated solute form solvent
Heat solution until small crystals appear
Leave to evaporate fully

Question 11

Simple distillation

Answer 11

Captures gas given off from crystallisation
Solution heated a boiled
Solvent evaporates
Vapour enters condenser
Vapour condenses back to liquid
Collected in a beaker

Question 12

Fractional distillation

Answer 12

Separates miscible liquids
Add fractioning column to simple distillation
- hotter at bottom and cooler at top
Liquid with lower bpt will travel higher and enter condenser
Liquid with higher bpt will condense near bottom of column and go back down

Question 13

Paper chromatography

Answer 13

Used to separate substances in mixtures
Dab spots of mixture near bottom of paper and draw line in pencil
Paper is placed in a solvent (not touching the mixture)
Solvent soaks up the paper
The more soluble a substance is, the further it will travel

Question 14

John Dalton

Answer 14

First
Atoms are small, hard spheres
Each element had its own atom
Atoms couldn’t be split

Question 15

J.J. Thompson

Answer 15

Discovered the electron
Plum pudding model
- tiny negatively charged electrons embedded in positive cloud

Question 16

Rutherford

Answer 16

Geiger and Marsden fired alpha particles (dense and positive) at thin piece of gold foil
Expected them to go straight through the gold atoms
Some deflected off course and some reflected backwards
Positive charge must be concentrated in centre of atom
Electrons must be orbiting this nucleus

Question 17

Neil Bohr

Answer 17

Electrons must be orbiting the nucleus at set distances in shells

Question 18

James Chadwick

Answer 18

Scientist knew there must be a second subatomic particle in the nucleus to explain the extra mass
Must have same mass as protons but no charge
James Chadwick discovered them

Question 19

Subatomic particles relative charge

Answer 19

Electron = -1
Neutron = 0
Proton = 1

Question 20

Subatomic particles relative mass

Answer 20

Electron = 0
Proton = 1
Neutron = 1

Question 21

Atomic number

Answer 21

Number of protons

Question 22

Mass number

Answer 22

Number of protons + neutrons

Question 23

Ion

Answer 23

When an atom gains or looses electrons
A charged atom

Question 24

Isotope

Answer 24

Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons
Sometimes unstable
Some have different physical properties