Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

zGeography > Topic 9 - Consuming Energy Resources > Flashcards

Topic 9 - Consuming Energy Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What is renewable energy?

A

An energy resource that can be replenished on a very short time scale.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is non-renewable energy?

A

Energy that cannot be replenished quickly - they take millions of years to form. This means they can run out.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is recyclable energy?

A

Energy resources that are made from waste products or whose waste products can be used to generate more energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some renewable sources for energy?

A

Wind turbines
Solar panels
Dams for HEP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some non-renewable sources for energy?

A

Fossil fuels - coal, oil and natural gas.

Extracted from the ground and seabed formed by millions of years old organisms that are dead, the remains of.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some recyclable sources for energy?

A

They have usable waste products - nuclear energy and biomass.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do they get energy from nuclear energy?

A

Uranian atoms when split release a lot of heat, which boils water. The steam turns a turbine generating electricity. Radioactive waste is also processed to be used to generate more energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do they get energy from biomass?

A

Wood, plants or animal waste can be burnt to release energy or quickly used to produce biofuels.

Example is that sugar cane is fermented to produce ethanol, a biofuel often used in transport. The leftover cane is then burnt to produce more energy, say for heating.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does wind energy work?

A

Turbines use the winds energy to generate electricity, either on land or at sea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How does solar energy work?

A

Energy from the sun is used to heat water and solar cookers or to generate electricity using photovoltaic cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Hydroelectric Power (HEP) work?

A

HEP uses the energy of falling water. Water is trapped by a dam and allowed to fall through tunnels, where the pressure of the falling water turns turbines to generate electricity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the environmental impacts of drilling?

A

Strips away vegetation
Oil spills harm the environment
Oil coats the feathers and fur which affects their ability to mobe freely or feed.
Methane leaks into the atmosphere.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the environmental impacts of mining?

A

Scars the landscape
Habitats are lost, leading to a lost of biodiversity
Relseases greenhouse gases
Affects the water cycle, less trees, more soil erosion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the environmental impacts of wind energy?

A

Take up a lot of space
Poeple living near complain about the noise polltuion
Spinning blades kill or injure birds and bats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the environmental impacts of solar energy?

A

Can lead to water shortages and disrupt ecosystems (water is used to clean their solar panels)
Heat relfected can kill wildlife
Disturb habitats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the environmental impacts of HEP?

A

Floods
Changes the water flow, sediment is deposited in the reservoir instead of further downstream
That sediment built up block sunlight, killing plants and algae in the riber to die.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How much oil did the vessel deepwater horizon spill in 2010 and where?

A

The Gulf of Mexico

4.9 million barrels of oil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What 5 factors affect the accessibility of energy?

A 
Technology 
Geology 
Accessibility 
Climate 
Landscape
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How does Technology affect the access to energy?

A

More developed countries have the expensive tehcnology that can develop renewable energy, developing countries have to rely more on fossil fuels.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How does Geology affect the access to energy?

A

Fossil fuels are found in sedimentary rock, countries located on plate boundaries may be able to access geothermal energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

How does Accessibility affect the access to energy?

A

Protect areas can’t be exploited (Antartica)

Some areas cant be accesed like permafrost (permanently frozen ground)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

How does Climate affect the access to energy?

A

Solar power requires sun so is more effective in sunny countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How does Landscape affect the access to energy?

A

Wind turbines are most efficient with a steady and reliable source of wind
HEP requires lots of water and steep-sided valleys to use as reservoirs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Where is the highest energy consumption per person?

A

UAE
USA
Canada

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

How does different levels of economic development unevenly distribute energy consumption?

A

Developed countries use lots each day as they can easily access it and use lots of energy devices
Emerging countries are increasing wealth so more and more people are buying energt usage items
Developing countries can’t afford it and their lifestyle dosen’t depend on it

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Why is energy comsumption unevenly distributed?

A

Industrial activities
Economic development
Traditional fuel sources

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

How is energy unevenly distributed because of industrial activites?

A

A lot of energy is used to manufacture goods and in debeloping countries they have more primary industry, which uses very little energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

How is energy unevenly distributed because of traditional fuel sources?

A

In sub-Saharan Africa energy networks are poorly connected which means people have to rely on biomass.
Very little development and can’t exploit their own energy reserves or improve existing infrastructure.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Oil production doesn’t just depend on a country’s oil reserves, what are the factors that affect it?

A

Infrastructure - need the right equipment and technology
Domestic demand - Saudi Arabia relies on oil to meet its own energy needs
Shrinking reserves - oil production from the North Sea reserves has been declining as reserves are used up.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Where is the highest oil production in 2015?

A

Saudi Arabia, Russia and USA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Between 2015 and 2016, the amount oil consumed was?

A

1.4 million barrels a day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What factors affect the oil supply and oil prices?

A

Conflicts
Diplomatic relations
Recessions
Economic booms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

How do conflicts affect oil supply and oil prices?

A

Disrupts oil production, which leads to a decrease in oil supply.
Shortages of oil cause prices to increase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

How do diplomatic relations affect oil supply and oil prices?

A

Prices increase when tensions increase between oil-producing countries.
Example is Sauidi Arabia and Iran.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

How do recessions affect oil supply and oil prices?

A

Lower the demand for oil because industrial activities and economic growth slow down. This causes prices to fall.
Example is the globla financial crisis in 2008

36
Q

How do economic booms affect oil supply and oil prices?

A

Oil prices increase during periods of rapid economic growth because of increased consumption and demand.

37
Q

What are convential energy reserves?

A

They’re easily exploited, e.g. through drilling. Extracting oil or gas for them is quick and cheap.

38
Q

What are unconventional energy reserves?

A

They’re exploited using more expensive methods, e.g. hydraulic fracking, that needs specialist technology. Extraction takes a lot longer than from conventional energy reserves.

39
Q

What are the economical benefits of conventional oil and gas reserves?

A

Save money if in their country, less on imports.
Make money from exporting the energy.
Oil and gas companies bring jobs and investment to the area.

40
Q

How many people are employed in Alaska due to oil and gas companies, and how much have people invested?

A

1,700 people

$4.5 million

41
Q

What are the Environmental impacts of exploited sensitive areas for convential oil and gas reserves?

A

Land is lost to infrastructure which dirupts fragile ecosystems and cause a loss of biodiversity.
Opening up isolated areas with industry can pollute the soils and water with air pollution.
Offshore reserves in the Artic Ocean impact marine life, noises and vibrations disrupt them.

42
Q

What are the unconventional oil and gas reserves?

A

Shale gas

Tar sands

43
Q

What is Shale gas?

A

A form of natural gas that is trapped in shale rock underground

44
Q

How do you extract shale gas?

A

Fracking
Liquid is pumped into the shale rock at high pressure.
This causes the rock to crack (fracture), releasing the gas, which is collected as it comes out of the well.

45
Q

What are the negative environmental impacts of fracking?

A

Chemicals used can pollute groundwater and drinking water. Bug problem in the USA.
Land has to be cleared to build drilling pads for fracking, destroys habitats and ecosystems.

46
Q

What are Tar Sands

A

They contain buitmen, which can be refined to reproduce oil.

47
Q

How do you extract Tar Sands?

A

Mining
Surface mines collect tar sand and transport it to processing plants, which use water and chemicals to separate the bitumen from the sands.

48
Q

What are the negative environmental impacts of surface mining?

A

Devastates habitats as it takes up a vast amount of space, causes a reduction in the biodiversity of the area as organisms have less space to live and find food.
Huge amounts of liquid waste full of harmful chemicals, which pollute water supplies if not managed properly.

49
Q

What is energy conservation?

A

conserving energy is about changing our behaviour as consumers.
E.g. driving less, drying clothes on a washing line instead of in a dryer.

50
Q

What is energy efficiency?

A

If something is energy-efficient, it does the same job but using less energy.
E.g. a low-energy lightbulb.

51
Q

How can energy demand by reduced in the home?

A

Insulation - by insulating walls, roofs and floors, less energy is required to heat homes.
Modern boilers - new boilers are more efficient than older models, so will use less energy in homes.
Solar panels can be fitted to the roofs of homes providing renewable, low-carbon energy.

52
Q

How can energy demand by reduced in transport?

A

Hybrid cars - use electricity when possible and recharge it with diesel power.
Regenerative braking - energy lost by braking is stored and used later or returned to the national grid.
Engine manufactures - making more efficient engines to obey laws and rising fuel costs.
Improving public transport and encouraging walking/cycling.

53
Q

What are the advantages of reducing the use of fossil fuels?

A

Reducing carbon footprints
Improving energy security
Diversifying the energy mix

54
Q

What is the advantage of reducing our carbon footprint?

A

The greenhouse gas emissions are measured as people’s carbon footprints.
By reducing their use of energy generated by using fossil fuels, people can shrink their carbon footprints.

55
Q

What is the advantage of improving our energy security?

A

Energy security means having a reliable, uninterrupted and affordable supply of energy available.
Switching to renewable sources of energy will make sure energy is still available when the supply of fossil fuels runs out.

56
Q

What is the advantage of diversifying the energyy mix?

A

Having a diverse energy mix reduces a country’s reliance on a single source of energy.
Reducing the risk of energy deficits — where the amount of energy produced isn’t enough to meet a population’s needs.
Using renewable energy sources instead of fossil fuels will also make non-renewable energy sources last longer.

57
Q

What are the costs of biofuels?

A

Sources of biomass have to managed sustainably so that they don’t run out.
Growing crops for biofuels reduces the amount of food crops grown, takes up a lot of water and leads to deforestation.

58
Q

What are the benefits of biofuels?

A

Less pollution and because they are made from waste products, it reduces the total amount of waste produced.

59
Q

What are the costs of wind energy?

A

Wind is unpredictable, amount produced varies.
Cause environmental issues
Expensive to transport electricity produced from offshore wind farms to where it’s needed.

60
Q

What are the benefits of wind energy?

A

After manufacturing and set up, no greenhouse gases are emitted.
Relatively cheap source of renewable energy.

61
Q

What are the costs of solar energy?

A

Needs a lot of sun.
Affects habitats and ecosystems.
Toxic metals like Mercury, are used in the construction of solar panels.

62
Q

What are the benefits of solar energy?

A

Once made and fitted, no emissions are produced.
Not much maintenance needed.
The technology is widely available.

63
Q

What are the costs of Hydroelectric Power (HEP)?

A

Expensive and require lots of land and water.
Methane may be released from rotting organic matter in the reservoirs created behind dams.
HEP plants can cause other environmental issues.

64
Q

What are the benefits of Hydroelectric Power (HEP)?

A

No emissions.

The flow of water through the turbines can be controlled, so the supply of energy is reliable.

65
Q

What are the costs of Hydrogen Fuel?

A

Hydrogen rarely exists on earth, obtained from buring fossil fuels, releasing greenhouse gases.
Technology is expensive and not widely available.
It’s flammable so storing it is dangerous.

66
Q

What are the benefits of Hydrogen Fuel?

A

Burning hydrogen doesn’t emit any harmful emissions, only water.
Hydrogen is usually extracted from water, so it’s not limited to particular areas.

67
Q

What is the hope for hydrogen fuel cells?

A

At the moment they’re only used on a small-scale but it’s hoped they could be used to provide clean power for transport in the future.

68
Q

What is the “business as usual” technique for energy futures?

A

Everything carries on as normal. We go on getting most of our energy from fossil fuels and dont increase the use of renewable energy sources.

69
Q

What is the “move to sustainability” technique for energy futures?

A

We reduce the amount of fossil fuels we use and increase our use of renewable energy sources.

70
Q

What groups have different views on different attitudes to energy futures?

A 
Consumers 
TNCs (Transnational Corporations) 
Governments 
Climate scientists 
Environmental groups
71
Q

What are the 2 views on future energy usuage?

A

“Business as usual”

“Move to sustainability”

72
Q

What are consumers attitudes towards energy futures?

A

Favour “business as usual”, as it provides a cheap, secure supply of energy. However, as supplies of fossil fuels run out, and environmental awareness increases, some are beginning to favour a move to sustainability.

73
Q

What are TNCs attitudes towards energy futures?

A

They control a lot of oil reserves giving them a lot of power and wealth.
They favour the “business as usual” scenario, renewable energy needs investment which could cause the TNCs to have higher costs and lower gains.
Other TNCs not in the fossil fuel indurty prefer “business as usual” as it is cheap then sustainable energy.

74
Q

What are Governments attitudes towards energy futures?

A

Governments want a secure energy future, fossil fuel is cheap and reliable but in the long run, sustainable energy is more secure. Developed are under pressure to protect the environment
Emerging countries develop faster with fossil fuels then sustainable energy.

75
Q

What are climate scientists attitudes towards energy futures?

A

4°C temperature increase by the year 2100 under the “business as usual” scenario.
Want to reduce the reliance on fossil fuels in order to lessen the consequences of climate change - rising sea level and serious increase in temperature leading to droughts and forest fires.

76
Q

What are environmental groups attitudes towards energy futures?

A

Greenpeace want fossil fuels gone to stop damaging the environment.
They want people to take the “move to sustainability” scenario.

77
Q

In what ways are attitudes changing towards energy futures?

A

Rising affluence
Ecuation
Environmental concerns

78
Q

How is a rising affluence changing attitudes towards our energy future?

A

More money allows people to chose to have more energy efficient choices and governments can invest more in renewable energy and public transport.

79
Q

How is a education changing attitudes towards our energy future?

A

Developed countries, school children have better access to education through school and the media.
More learn how to reduce their carbon footprint, and why they shouls, so do.

80
Q

How is a environmental concerns changing attitudes towards our energy future?

A

More people due to education want to reduce their carbon footprint to reduce permanently damaging the environment.
Devloped countries - invest in awareness and new technology to find better/newer energy sources.
Developing countries - economic development overshadows environmental concerns.

81
Q

What is a carbon footprint?

A

The measure of the amount of greenhouse gases generated by the activities of an individual or organisation, or by a product over its lifetime.

82
Q

What is an ecological footprint?

A

The measure of how much land is needed to support an individual’s lifestyle. It can also be used on a larger scale to calculate the impact of cities, countries or the world population.

83
Q

What factors are both your carbon and ecological footprint calculated from?

A

Food
Home
Travel
Lifestyle

84
Q

How does the food you eat help to calculate your carbon and ecological footprint?

A

Example: how much meat you eat (the process of meat production produces huge amounts of greenhouse gases and takes up lots of land), food wastage and whether you eat locally produced food.

85
Q

How does your home help to calculate your carbon and ecological footprint?

A

e.g. The size of your house and how many people live in it. It also looks at the type of energy you use to heat your home and whether your home has energy-saving features.

86
Q

How does your travel habits help to calculate your carbon and ecological footprint?

A

This is to do with air travel, commuting and what sort of transport you use.

87
Q

How does your lifestyle help to calculate your carbon and ecological footprint?

A

This is to do with how much you spend on clothes and electrical devices in a year and how much recycling you do.

zGeography (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions