Topic 8 Revision Questions + some study guide

Question 1

Which nerve innervates muscles of mastication and the tensor veli palatini, and communicates sensation from the face, mouth, theeth, mucosal lining and tongue?

Answer 1

V - Trigeminal nerve.

3 branches:

V_{1- Opthalmic branch,}

V_{2 Maxillary branch}

V_{3 Mandibular branch}

Question 2

Which cranial nerve innervates muscles of facial expression and sensory to anterior 2/3 of the tongue?

Answer 2

VII - Facial Nerve

Question 3

Which cranial nerve transmits auditory and balance sensations?

Answer 3

VIII - Vestibulocochlear

Question 4

Which nerve serves the posterior tongue taste receptors, somatic sense from the tongue, fauces, pharynx, and Eustachian tube?

Answer 4

IX - glossopharyngeal nerve

Question 5

Which nerve transmits:

Somatic sensation of pain, touch and temperature from the region of the ear drum, as well as pain sense from pharynx, larynx, esophagus and many other regions.

Motor innervation for the intrinsic muscles of the larynx:

Answer 5

X - Vagus nerve

Question 6

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles, and collaborates with the vagus in the activation of palatal, laryngeal, and pharyngeal muscles?

Answer 6

XI - Accessory nerve

Question 7

Which nerve innervates the muscles of the tongue with the exception of the palatoglossus?

Answer 7

XII Hypoglossal

Question 8

Identify the sylomastoid foramen on this diagram, and which nerve passes through it.

Answer 8

VII - Facial

Question 9

Identify the foramen ovale, and which nerve passes through it.

Answer 9

Foramen ovale

Trigeminal, mandibular branch V₃

Question 10

Identify the foramen magnum, and which cranial nerve passes through it.

Answer 10

Accessory nerve XI

Question 11

Identify the foramen indicated, and which cranial nerves pass through it.

Answer 11

Jugular foramen.

IX - Glossopharyngeal

X - Vagus

XI - Accessory

Question 12

Identify the foramen indicated, and which cranial nerve passes through it.

Answer 12

Foramen rotundum

Trigeminal nerve, maxillary branch V₂

Question 13

Identify the foramen indicated, and which cranial nerve passes through it:

Answer 13

Hypoglossal Canal,

XII - Hypoglossal nerve

Question 14

Identify the foramen indicated, and which cranial nerves pass through it:

Answer 14

Internal Auditory Meatus:

VII - Facial

VIII - Vestibulcochlear

Question 15

Identify the foramen indicated, and which nerve passes through it:

Answer 15

Superior Orbital Fissure

Trigeminal nerve, opthalmic nerve V1

Question 16

What would be the effects of lesions to CN V?

Answer 16

Damage to the whole nerve would cause loss of general sensation from that side of face, as well as paralysis of the TMJ muscles, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, tensor veli palatini and tensor tympani.

Question 17

What would be the effects of damage to CN VII?

Answer 17

VII - Facial nerve

Muscles of facial expression would be paralysed, loss of taste sensation from anterior tongue. *

_{*technical nerve, whith some fibres crossing over. If question doesn’t specify where damage is, just assume it is after cross over. As a rule, there will not be technical questions in the exam about cross over.}

Question 18

What would be the effects of damage to CN IX?

Answer 18

IX - Glossopharyngeal

Loss of taste and general sensation from posteror tongue, loss of general sensation from middle ear, audotry tube, and pharynx, paralysis of stylophanryngeaus, parotid gland (so reduced saliva). All on same side as damaged nerve.

Question 19

What would be the effects of damage to CN X?

Answer 19

X - Vagus nerve

• Loss of taste from root of tongue and epiglottis,
• loss of general and visceral sensation from inferior larynx, pharynx, thoracic and abdominal organs,
• some paralysis of muscles of soft palate, pharynx and intrinsic laryngeal muscles.

Question 20

What would be the effects of damage to CN XI?

Answer 20

XI - Accessory nerve

Some paralysis of soft palate and pharynx muscles.

Question 21

Which two foramina do CN VII pass through?

Answer 21

Stylomastoid foramen

Internal Auditory Meatus

Question 22

When we say that a cranial nerve is ‘motor’ what does this mean?

Answer 22

Motor – this is information travelling from the CNS to muscles and some types of glands, and controls movement (and some glandular secretions). Motor nerves do not travel to any other types of tissues. Motor nerve fibres may be:

• Voluntary (somatic) motor – controlling voluntary movement of skeletal muscles;
• Involuntary (autonomic) motor – controlling movement of cardiac and smooth muscle, and some glands. The two subtypes of autonomic motor fibres are parasympathetic (control normal everyday function), and sympathetic (control stressful responses).

Question 23

What would be the effects of damage to CN XII?

Answer 23

XII - Hypoglossal

Paralysis of intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles, and thyrohyoid and geniohyoid muscles (all on same side as nerve damage).

Question 24

Which cranial nerve carries genearl sensation from the tympanic membrane?

Answer 24

The glossopharyngeal nerve (IX) also senses blood pressure and chemistry changes in the carotid sinus. There is also a sensory branch called the tympanic nerve carrying general sensory information from the tympanic membrane.

Question 25

What is the Internal Auditory Meatus?

Answer 25

The internal auditory meatus is a canal within the petrous part of the temporal bone of the skull between the posterior cranial fossa and the inner ear.

Question 26

What is the difference between visceral sensation and general sensation?

Answer 26

General sensory – fibres transmit general sensory (e.g. touch, pressure, pain, temperature) information from the skin and mucous membranes. We are usually consciously aware of these sensations;

• Visceral sensory – fibres transmit visceral sensations (e.g. pressure, pain, sometimes heat) from deep structures. We are often not consciously aware of these sensations;

Question 27

Which cranial nerve supplies the parotid gland?

Answer 27

Glossopharyngeal IX

Question 28

Name the branches of the Facial nerve:

Answer 28

• Temporal
• Zygomatic
• Buccal
• Marginal Mandibular
• Cervical

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Question 29

Describe sensory and motor innervation of the tongue. Which cranial nerves are involved: for which functions (sensory/motor), for which muscles, to which portions of the tongue.

Question 30

Which cranial nerve is involved in hearing? What is another function of this nerve?

Question 31

If you don’t chew something properly, and you swallow a bigger bolus than normal: you can feel it in your oropharynx. Which cranial nerve is responsible for this sensation?

Question 32

Which cranial nerve supplies the intrinsic laryngeal muscles?

Question 33

Which cranial nerve supplies the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Question 34

What is the function of the Accessory nerve?

Question 35

Which cranial nerve supplies the thyrohyoid muscle?

Question 36

Which are the cranial nerves involved in speech, swallowing and hearing?

Answer 36

• Trigeminal (V)
• Facial (VII)
• Vestibulocochlear (VIII)
• Glossopharyngeal (IX)
• Vagus (X)
• Accessory (XI)
• Hypoglossal (XII)

Question 37

Which cranial nerve supplies the lacrimal glands? Is this sensory, motor, autonomic or what?

Answer 37

Facial nerve VII.

Autonomic motor, -Parasympathetic lacrimal (tear) glands