TOPIC 8: OCULAR HAZRDS 2

Question 1

first aid for chemical injuries?

Answer 1

-Immediate and prolonged irrigation of the eye with water or saline (get under the eyelids too)
-Faster the chemical is diluted, better the prognosis
-Irrigate for ~ 2 minutes (with running water/saline, not soak!)
-Eye should NOT be padded to allow tears continue to wash out any residual chemical

Question 2

Which ocular structures are most susceptible to non-ionising radiation?

Answer 2

In DECREASING sensitivity to the radiation: (most) Lens, conjunctiva, cornea, vitreous, iris and uvea tract, sclera and retina (least)

Question 3

What is the UV index level in Singapore?

Answer 3

Singapore has a UVI of 11.5

Question 4

What kind of ocular injury is caused by acute and chronic UV radiation?

Answer 4

-chronic UV radiation can cause:
Squamous cell carcinoma (cancer)
Pinguecula
Pterygium
spheroidal degeneration
cataract
AMD

-acute UV radiation can cause:
photokeratitis

Question 5

How does infrared radiation affect the crystalline lens?

Answer 5

may be indirect or direct absorption
Indirect effects - anterior subcapsular cataract
Direct effects - posterior cortical or subcapsular cataracts