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318 topics 6-8 > topic 8 hematologic system drugs > Flashcards

topic 8 hematologic system drugs Flashcards

1
Q

what do anticoagulants do

A

inhibit clot formation, phrophylactic

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2
Q

contraindications for anticoagulants

A

clotting issues, head injury, hemorrhagic stroke, head trauma, surgery, spinal surgery, low platelets

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3
Q

CAMS for anticoagulants

A

garlic, ginkgo, ginsing, green tea, bilberry

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4
Q

pt education for anticoagulants

A

don’t take aspirin or anti-platelet drugs, caution w injuries, soft toothbrush, electric razor, wear medical ID bracelet

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5
Q

routes for heparin

A

IV for acute thrombosis
SQ prophylactically

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6
Q

uses for heparin

A

** short 1/2 life, good for hospital use, not at home
prevent thrombosis associated with PE, MI, unstable angina, prosthetic heart valves, DVT, and percutaneous coronary intervention

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7
Q

labs for heparin

A

PTT/aPTT

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8
Q

when do you need to stop heparin before surgery?

A

1 hour

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9
Q

where is heparin poorly absorbed

A

GI tract

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10
Q

antidote for heparin and enoxaparin

A

protamine sulfate

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11
Q

drug interactions for anticoagulants

A

aspirin, thrombolytics, NSAIDs, SSRIs, antibiotics

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12
Q

side effects of warfarin

A

Headache, GI distress, alopecia
Fever, weakness, priapism
elevated hepatic enzymes

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13
Q

adverse effects of heparin and enoxaparin

A

Bleeding, hematoma, anemia, fever, elevated liver enzymes – see antidote

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14
Q

side effects of heparin and enoxaparin

A

itching, chills, hematoma, injection site reaction

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15
Q

how is enoxaparin different than heparin

A

2x longer 1/2 life, only given SQ

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16
Q

can anticoagulants decrease platelet count

A

yes

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17
Q

how is warfarin given

A

PO, long 1/2 life, what pt goes home on

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18
Q

is warfarin high protein bound

A

yes

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19
Q

MOA of warfarin

A

depresses hepatic synthesis of vitamin K clotting factors

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20
Q

antidote for warfarin

A

vitamin K

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21
Q

pt education for warfarin

A

dont eat foods w vitamin K: brocolli, dark leafy greens, olive oil, swiss chard, parsley, tomatoes, squash

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22
Q

what decreases the effects of warfarin

A

laxatives, birth control, vitamin C, K

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23
Q

adverse effects of warfarin

A

Purple-toe syndrome, bone fracture, hypotension
Chest pain, elevated hepatic enzymes
HEMORRHAGE

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24
Q

normal side effects of warfarin

A

headache, GI distress, alopecia, fever, weakness

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25
labs for warfarin
INR and PT (platelet count) INR range 2-3
26
what do antiplatelet drugs do
prevent thrombosis by suppressing platelet aggregation
27
use for antiplatelets
prophylactic for MI, stroke, transient ischemic attacks
28
use of aspirin
blood thinner/antiplatelet, reduce fever and pain, reduces inflammation ** babies can not have, prophylactic dose is 81 mg
29
CAMS for antiplatelet drugs
ginsing, garlic, green tea, ginko, saw palmetto (all increase bleeding) black licorice, St Johns Wort, grapefruit juice
30
labs to run for antiplatelet drugs
platelets normal 150-400k uner 150 notify HCP
31
normal hemaglobin level
less than 7 means heaven
32
what class is clopidogrel
antiplatelet
33
what does clopidogrel do
inhibits platelet aggregation, prevents thrombosis for unstable angina, MI, stroke
34
onset and duration of clopidogrel
given PO rapid absorption peak time 5-7 hours
35
what do thrombolytics do
clot busters Converts plasminogen to plasmin  destroys the fibrin in the blood clot
36
when does a blood clot disintegrate when a thrombolytic drug is administered
within 3-4 hours of thrombolytic stroke within 30 min of arrival at hospital for acute MI
37
indications of use for thrombolytics
thrombolytic strokes, PE, acute MI, DVT
38
contraindications for thrombolytics
surgery, head trauma, intracranial bleed, hemorragic stroke, low mehaglobin
39
nursing considerations for thrombolytics
assess for hemorrage, watch for stomach pain, headache, use manual BP cuff every 15 min, bleeding out is risk
40
labs to run for thrombolytics
CBC to test hemoglobin and hemocrit
41
what class if alteplase
thrombolytic
42
how is alteplase given
IV, immediate onset
43
drug interactions with alteplase
no aspirin or NSAIDs, can have Tylenol (acetaminophen)
44
CAMs for alteplase
no gingko, garlic, green tea, omega 3 fatty acids
45
side effects of alteplase
nosebleeds (epistasis) and bruising is common
46
indications for use of alteplase
PE, thrombolytic stroke, MI
47
contraindications for alteplase
hemorrhagic stroke
48
what should the client report w alteplase
side effects including lightheadedness, dizziness, palpitations, nausea, pruritus
49
what class is atorvastatin
Antihyperlipidemic: HMG-CoA reductase
50
when do you take atorvastatin
night time
51
indications for atorvastatin
hyperlipidemia, hypertriglyceridemia, arterial sclerosis
52
labs for atorvastatin
LDL, HDL, triglycerides, LFT
53
education for atorvastatin
report dark urine and muscle pain/spasms, dont stop taking just call wear sunscreen takes 3-6 months to work take w food, have low chol. diet
54
CAMs for atorvastatin
st johns wort, black cohosh, green tea
55
can you take atorvastatin while pregnant
no
56
what class is cilostazol
Direct-Acting Vasodilator
57
use of cilostazol
To treat peripheral vascular disease and intermittent claudication
58
MOA of cilostazol
Acts directly to inhibit platelet aggregation and cause vasodilation, especially in the femoral vasculature
59
when should you take cilostazol
30 min before meal or 2 hour after
60
client education for cilostazol
take w full glass of water, takes 1.5-3 months to see results, not immediate, change positions slowly
61
CAMs for cilostazol
no st johns, licorice, grapefruit, ginger, green tea, gingko

318 topics 6-8 (3 decks)

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