topic 6 respiratory Flashcards
what classification is diphenhydramine?
antihistamine
indications for diphenhydramine
allergic rhinitis, motion sickness, sleep aid, seasonal allergies
contraindications of diphenhydramine
anything that amplifies anticholinergic effects:
- asthma
- COPD
- glaucoma
MOA of diphenhydramine
antagonizes antihistamine effects by binding at H1 receptor sites
drug interactions w/ diphenhydramine
no MAOIs
increased CNS depression w alc, opiods, hypnotics
side effects of diphenhydramine
anticholinergic effects: urinary retention, dry mouth, bad vision
- hypotension
- PHOTOSENSITIVITY
onset of diphenhydramine
15 min PO
IV immediate
patient teaching for diphenhydramine
no driving, drinking, wear sunscreen, no sports after taking
CAM considerations for diphenhydramine
valerian and kava kava (increase sedation)
what class is dextromethorphan
antitussive
(non narcotic OTC)
MOA of dextromethorphan
depresses the urge to cough in medulla
use of dextromethorphan
for temporary relief of cough frequency for non-productive cough
onset and duration of dextromethorphan
onset 15-50 min after PO
lasts 3-6 hours
pt education for dextromethorphan
increase fluids to decrease thickness of secretions
side effects of dextromethorphan
dizziness, fatigue, GI distress, constipation, low BP
what is COPD
airway obstruction with increased airway resistance of airflow to lung tissues
what is restrictive lung disease?
a decrease in total lung capacity as a result of fluid accumulation or loss of elasticity of the lung
what class is albuterol
beta2 adrenergic agonist
what is albuterol used for
asthma, bronchospasms, can be prophylacically
MOA of albuterol
stimulates beta2-adrenergic receptors in the lungs, relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle, causing bronchodilation
contraindications of albuterol
milk protein hypersensitivity
labs to draw for albuterol
potassium level, blood glucose
adverse reactions of albuterol
HYPOKALEMIA
in high doses: tachycardia, palpations, tremors, headache
side effects of albuterol
muscle cramps, tremors, CNS effects
what class is tiotropium (Spiriva)
anticholinergic (aka adrenergic effects)
use of tiotropium (Spiriva)
long term maintenance of asthma and COPD
MOA of tiotropium (Spiriva)
dilates bronchi
relaxes smooth muscle of bronchi
when to be cautious with tiotropium (Spiriva)
lactose intolerance
glaucoma
renal impairment
breastfeeding
older adults
cardiac dysrythmias
drug interactions tiotropium (Spiriva)
decreased actions with parasympathomimetics
pt education with tiotropium (Spiriva)
discard capsules immediately, wash HandiHaler
side effects of tiotropium (Spiriva)
hyperglycemia
parasympathetic resposes: insomnia, dizziness, cough, dry mouth, urinary retention
what class is montelukast (Singulair)
Bronchodilator: Leukotriene Receptor Antagonist
MOA of montelukast (Singulair)
binds w leukotriene receptors to inhibit muscle contraction and bronchoconstriction— leading to relaxing the muscles and bronchodilation
use of montelukast (Singulair)
prophylactically for exercise induced bronchospasms
allergic rhinitis and asthma
interactions with montelukast (Singulair)
aspirin and NSAIDs, clopidrigel
no alcohol, contraindicated for liver
CAM considerations for montelukast (Singulair)
no St. Johns Wort (decrease concentration)
labs to test for montelukast (Singulair)
ALT and AST.. can elevate liver enzymes
client education for montelukast (Singulair)
take 2 hours before exercise
purpose of echinacea
to decrease cold symptoms and recovery time when taken early
what is echinacea commonly used for
- stimulating the immune system, antisepsis
- treatment of viral infections, influenza
- promotion of wound healing
adverse effects of echinacea
GI upset, dizzy, headache, dermatitis, bad taste
what is cinnamon commonly used for
bronchitis, GI problems, anorexia, and diabetes
