Topic 8 Fuels And Earth Science Flashcards
What are hydrocarbons?
Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain carbon and hydrogen only
What is crude oil?
A complex mixture of hydrocarbons
Containing molecules in which carbon atoms are in chains or rings
An important source of useful substances
A finite resource
What gases fill up our atmosphere today?
Oxygen= 21%
Nitrogen= 78%
Carbon dioxide= 0.04%
How did the oceans form?
Water vapour cooled and condensed. The water fell as rain
Icy comets rained down and melted releasing more water
How did oxygen appear?
Photosynthesising organisms appeared
These took in carbon dioxide and released oxygen
Oxygen levels increased
What is the test for oxygen?
Glowing splint
How did Co2 levels decrease?
Used in photosynthesis
Dissolved in oceans
What is the test for carbon dioxide?
Limewater goes cloudy
How did natural gas form?
Died plants and animals fell to the bottom of the ocean
Over time sediment built up over them
When exposed to extreme temperature and pressure crude oil or natural gas is formed
What is meant by non-renewable?
Being used up faster than they are being formed
What is meant by the term finite?
Not being made anymore so will run out over time
What are the uses of crude oil and natural gas?
Fuel in vehicles
Cooking
What type of distillation can crude oil be separated by?
Fractional distillation
Fractional distillation diagram
Low boiling point
Ignites easily
Refinery gases= heating and cooking
Gasoline= fuel in cars
Naphtha= making chemicals
Kerosene= aircraft fuel
Diesel oil= fuel for cars,lorries and buses
Fuel oil= fuel for ships and power stations
Residue= bitumen for roads and roofs
High boiling point
Doesn’t ignite easily
What is a alkane?
Homologous series of hydrocarbons
The more carbon the bigger the chain
