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Physics GCSE > topic 8 + 9- forces and energy + density > Flashcards

topic 8 + 9- forces and energy + density Flashcards

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1
Q

system

A

a single object or group of objects that you are interested in

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2
Q

if a system changes what happene=s

A

energy is transferred, this can be into or away from the system (between objects ; between energy stores)

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3
Q

energy

A

the capacity of something to do work

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4
Q

what does the law of conservation of energy mean for a close system

A

the total amount of energy in a closed systems remains the same

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5
Q

kinetic energy store

A

energy of a moving object

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6
Q

elastic (potential) energy store

A

energy of a stretched spring or elastic band

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7
Q

gravitational (potential) energy store

A

the energy something gains as it is lifted up

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8
Q

electrostatic energy store

A

energy due to force of attraction between two electrostatic charges

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9
Q

magnetic energy store

A

energy due to the force of attraction between two magnets

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10
Q

chemical energy store

A

energy within a chemical substance

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11
Q

thermal energy store

A

energy of an object due to its temperature

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12
Q

nuclear energy store

A

energy contained within an atom’s nucleus

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13
Q

basic energy diagram

A

initial energy store –> final energy store

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14
Q

efficiency

A

total energy input

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15
Q

what is a mechanical transfer

A

when a force acts on a body, energy can be transferred

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16
Q

what is an electrical transfer

A

electricity can transfer energy from a power source and deliver it to different components of a circuit

17
Q

what is transfer by heating

A

thermal energy is transferred from place to place by conduction, convection and thermal radiation

18
Q

in all system changes what happens

A

energy is dissipated to be stored in less useful ways

19
Q

when a force does work to move an object, how is energy transferred

A

mechanically

20
Q

what is energy transferred/ work done measure in

A

Joules (J)

21
Q

work done (formula)

A

work done = force x distance moved

22
Q

change in gravitational potential energy (formula)

A

change in GPE = mass x GFS x change in height

23
Q

kinetic energy (formula)

A

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x velocity^2

24
Q

what happens if a mechanical process becomes wasteful

A

there is a rise in temperature due to dissipation of energy heating surroundings

25
Q

power (definition)

A

the rate of energy transfer

26
Q

power (formula)

A

power = work done
—————
time taken

27
Q

what is power measured in

A

watts

28
Q

1 W =

A

1 J/s

29
Q

force

A

a push or pull on an object that is caused by it interacting with something

30
Q

normal contact force and friction

A

acts between all touching objects

31
Q

interaction pair

A

when two objects interact, both feel an equal but opposite force
this pair of forces is an interaction pair

32
Q

give 3 examples of non contact forces

A

magnetism
electrostatism
gravity

33
Q

how can an interaction pair be represented

A

as vectors

34
Q

density

A

the mass per unit volume of a substance

35
Q

what is density measured in

A

g/cm^3 OR kg/m^3

36
Q

1g/cm^3 =

A

1000kg/m^3

37
Q

conditions to float

A

if a solid has a lower average density than a fluid, then it will float

38
Q

how do you find the density of a fluid

A

place a measuring cylinder on a balance and zero it
pour 10ml of a the liquid in and record its mass
pour another 10ml in and record total volume and mass
repeat until cylinder is full
for each measurement use the formula to find the density
take an average

39
Q

how do you find the density of a solid object

A

use a balance to measure the mass of an object
find volume of object
- this can be done for some shapes using a regular formula
- for other objects in find volume by submerging it in a eureka can ; the water displaced will be transferred to the measuring cylinder
record the volume of water in the measuring cylinder
use the formula to work out the object’s density

Physics GCSE (10 decks)

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