TOPIC 8 Flashcards by Maria Pason

In 1974, the CDC published

Classification of Etiological Agents on the
Basis of Hazard.

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National Institutes of Health (NIH)
published

the NIH Guidelines for
Reasearch Involving Recombinant DNA
Molecules.

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CDC and NIH jointly published

the
Biosafety in Microbiological and
Biomedical Laboratories (1984)

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is the containment principles,
technologies, and practices that are
implemented to prevent unintentional
exposure to pathogens and toxins, or
their accidental release.

Biosafety

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(1966) created
the biohazard
symbol.

Charles Baldwin

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14 CLASSIFICATION
OF BIOLOGICAL
MATERIALS

-Blood
-Body fluids
-Cerebospinal fluid
-abcess
-urine
-bone
-eye
-ear
-Foregin track
- GI Track
- Reproductive system
-Genital system
-stool
-Tissue

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A collection manual must have

-Safety considerations
-Selection
of
the
appropriate
anatomic site and specimen
-Collection instruction
-Transportation instruction
-Labeling instruction
-Special instruction
-Sterile vs. Nonsterile collection
-Minimal acceptable quality and
recommended quality

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aerobes

Needle Aspiration, Swab

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Anerobes

Needle Aspiration, Tissue

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Urine, CSF, Serous fluid, stool and sputum

Sterile container

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Throat, nose, eyes wound and abscess

Sterile cotton tipped applicator

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Dacron and Rayon

Good for bacteria and viruses

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Dacron

Good for viruses

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Cotton swab with charcoal

Use for urogenital swab

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4°c

Refrigerator temperature

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22°c

Ambient or room temperature

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37°c

Body temperature

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20-70°C

Freezer temperature

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Specimens should be completely
labeled with:

-Patient’s name
-Identifying number
-Birthdate
-Date and time of collection
-Source
-Initials of the individual that
collected the sample

A device that encloses a working area to
protect workers from aerosol exposure and
infectious disease agents

BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS

In BSC, the air contains the infectious
material is sterilized, either by

heat, UV
light, or by passage through a high
efficacy particulate air (HEPA) resistance filter

It is an open-fronted type of cabinet with
negative pressure (ventilated cabinets)

CLASS 1 BIOSAFETY CABINET

It allows room (unsterilized) air to enter the
cabinet, cabinet, circulate around the area
and exposure the material within; only the air
to be exhausted is sterilized using HEPA
filter

CLASS 1 BIOSAFETY CABINET

-also known as the laminar flow BSC
commonly used BSC in a clinical
microbiology laboratory (Class IIA).
- It sterilizes the air using HEPA filter that
flows over the infectious material and the air
to be exhausted

CLASS 2 BIOSAFETY CABINET

two types of Class II Cabinets

CLASS 2 A CLASS 2 B

has fixed openings; 70% of the air is recirculated

CLASS 2 A

variable sash opening; used for chemicals, radioisotopes, and carcinogen

CLASS 2 B

Most hospital clinical microbiology laboratory technologists use

CLASS 2 BSC

It provides the highest level of safety to the worker. The air coming into and going out of the cabinets is sterilized using HEPA filter and the infectious material within is handled with rubber gloves that are attached and sealed to the cabinet

CLASS 3 BIOSAFETY CABINET

Used for BSL 4 agents

CLASS 3 BIOSAFETY CABINET

These are agents that have no known potential for infecting healthy people.

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 AGENTS

This containment level is used in laboratory activities of students (for academic purposes).

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 AGENTS

Some examples of pathogens that requires this containment level are Bacillus subtilis and Naegleria gruberi

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 1 AGENTS

agents acquired by ingestion or exposure to percutaneous or mucous membrane include all the common agents of infectious diseases In handling these agents, access to the laboratory is limited.

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 AGENTS

The personnel handling these agents should also receive immunization.

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 AGENTS

Some examples of pathogens that require this containment level are HIV, Bacillus anthracis, Yersinia pestis, Salmonella, and Shigella.

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 2 AGENTS

These are potential agents for aerosol transmission In processing these lethal pathogens, the air movement in the laboratory must be controlled to contain the infectious materials

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AGENTS

Some examples of pathogens that require this containment level are Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Francisella tularensis, Brucella spp., Coxiella burnetti, St. Louis encephalitis virus, and systemic fung

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 3 AGENTS

These are agents that cause life-threatening infections In handling these organisms, maximum containment and decontamination of all personnel and materials before leaving the area are observed. Aerosol transmission with pressure is possible

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4 AGENTS

Some examples of pathogens that require this containment level are arbovirus, arenavirus, filovirus, and smallpox virus.

BIOSAFETY LEVEL 4 AGENTS

a policy of treating all blood, tissue, body fluids and OPIM (other potentially infectious materials as infectious)

UNIVERSAL PRECAUTION

involve taking physical steps to isolate or remove any possible pathogen hazards from the workplace

Engineering and work practice control

-gloves must be worn when coming in contact with specimens and other hazardous chemicals and OPIM -gloves must be replaced every after one patient and when the protective integrity is compromised -Eye and face protection items -Protective body clothing (laboratory gowns, aprons, laboratory coats, surgical caps, shoe covers and disposable arm sleeves)

Personal protective equipment

Must ensure that the workplace is maintained in a clean and sanitary condition

Housekeeping Techniques

generally, refers to contamination of our food or environment with microorganisms. - this means bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.

Biological contamination

describes the event at which a foreign material or substance that illnesses material. can cause foodborne food e

Food contamination